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Markov`s inequality
| Glossary of Statistical Terms |
For lists: if a list contains no negative numbers, the fraction of numbers in the list at least as large as any given constant a>0 is no larger than the arithmetic mean of the list, divided by a.
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Inequality, английский
Неравенство
Inequality operator, английский
Операция неравенства; знак операции неравенства
Inequality, secular, английский
A small irregularity in the motions of planets, which becomes important only after a long lapse of years. the great inequality of jupiter and saturn is a variation of their orbital positions, caused by the disturbing action of one planet on the other.
Markov chain, английский
- Цепь маркова
- A model describing state transitions, where each state has a set of possible successor states and an associated probability distribution. the probability distribution depends only on the current state, and not on the history or path of states that were traversed to reach the current state. it can be represented by either its state graph, a directed graph with arcs showing permissible transitions or a transition matrix. in the example below, the transition matrix describes a three-state system. if the system is in the first state, it stays there with probability 0.5, or moves to either of the other two states with probability 0.25. if the system is in the second state, it will stay there with probability 0.3, move to the first state with the same probability, or to the third state with probability 0.4. when the system is in the third state, it stays in that state with probability 0.7 or moves to the second with probability 0.3. it will never move to state one from state three. the transition matrix forms a conditional in the probabilistic expert system sense. table m.2 — a 3 state transition matrix
Markov chain monte carlo, английский
Markov condition, английский
If an attribute y is not an effect of x, then x and y are conditionally independent given the direct causes of x. markov decision problem (mdp) a repeated decision problem against "nature" where the decision maker has complete information and strategic certainty, where nature`s next action depends probabilistically on its current state and the action chosen.
Markov editing, английский
Редактирование
Markov grammar, английский
A markov grammar is an alternative to traditional statistical parsers. rather than storing a series of explicit parsing rules and their associated probabilities, a markov grammer stores transition probabilities that allow it to create rules on the fly.
Markov process, английский
Markov random field, английский
A markov random field is a general graphical model for the dependency of a set of variables represented as nodes. it has the property that the distribution of a particular node is only a function of its immediate neighbors, and the global distribution is a product of the clique potentials. for the example graph given under the factor graph entry, the global distribution can be written as p(a, b, c, d) = p(a)p(b | a)p(c | a, b)p(d | c). see also: belief net, factor graph.
Markov source, английский
Марковский источник
Markov tree, английский
A markov tree representation of a graphical net is required to apply the fusion and propagation algorithm to that net. a tree is a markov tree if its nodes are labeled with sets of variables and the tree has the property that for every subset of variables that are on the tree, the subtree constructed from nodes containing those variables is also connected. see also: belief net, cluster tree, junction tree.
Markovian dependence, английский
The condition where observations in a time series are dependent on previous observations in the near term. markovian dependence dies quickly, while long-memory effects like hurst dependence, decay over very long time periods.
Markovian machine, английский
Марковская машина
Markovian process, английский
Марковский процесс
Markovnikovite, английский
Arithmetic, английский
The art of computation by numbers; or that branch which considers their powers and properties.
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Unimodal, английский
Having exactly one mode.
Chebychev`s inequality, английский
For lists: for every number k>0, the fraction of elements in a list that are k sd`s or further from the arithmetic mean of the list is at most 1/k2.
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