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Not, !, negation, logical negation
| Glossary of Statistical Terms |
The negation of a logical proposition p, !p, is a proposition that is the logical opposite of p. that is, if p is true, !p is false, and if p is false, !p is true. negation takes precedence over other logical operations. other common symbols for the negation operator include ¬, − and ˜.
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Proposition, английский
- N лог., лнгв. сужде- ние, пропозиция3 affirmative ~ утвердительное суждение
- Предложение; суждение; предположение; высказывание; фраза
- Разг. человек, с которым ведутся дела pro – pul
Precedence, английский
- N предшествование parsing
- The order and degree of rank among officers of the two services. (see rank.)
- [1] priority in order of rank and seniority. [2] the right to precede others at diplomatic or social functions. [3] the sequence in which messages should be handled—usn, nato, and diplomatic messages are labeled “flash,” “immediate,” “priority,” and “routine” in descending order of urgency and hence of precedence.
- Очередность выполнения операций; предшествование; последовательность выполнения; приоритет; старшинство
- The order in which operators are evaluated in an expression, tasks are performed or rules are applied. for example, in a mathematical expression, multiplication and division are performed first, followed by addition and subtraction.
- The property of arithmetic operations that determines which operations are done first in a complex expression.
- The established system of priorities of trades in an exchange. for example, the highest bid and lowest offer have highest precedence; the first bid or first offer at a price has highest priority, and large orders have priority over smaller orders.
- Преимущественная сила
Operations, английский
- Research, incorporated фирма «оперейшнз ресерч ивкорпо- рейтед»
- Field movements, whether offensive or defensive.
- Операционный отдел (в инвестиционном банке)
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Normal approximation, английский
The normal approximation to data is to approximate areas under the histogram of data, transformed into standard units, by the corresponding areas under the normal curve.
Bootstrap estimate of standard error, английский
The name for this idea comes from the idiom "to pull oneself up by one`s bootstraps," which connotes getting out of a hole without anything to stand on. the idea of the bootstrap is to assume, for the purposes of estimating uncertainties, that the sample is the population, then use the se for sampling from the sample to estimate the se of sampling from the population. for sampling from a box of numbers, the sd of the sample is the bootstrap estimate of the sd of the box from which the sample is drawn. for sample percentages, this takes a particularly simple form: the se of the sample percentage of n draws from a box, with replacement, is sd(box)/n½, where for a box that contains only zeros and ones, sd(box) = ((fraction of ones in box)×(fraction of zeros in box) )½. the bootstrap estimate of the se of the sample percentage consists of estimating sd(box) by ((fraction of ones in sample)×(fraction of zeros in sample))½. when the sample size is large, this approximation is likely to be good.
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