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Probability, p
| Глоссарий по стандартизации, контролю и управлению качеством |
The likelihood an event will occur, usually stated as a decimal fraction between 0 and 1, 0 meaning that the event will never occur and 1 meaning that the event will always occur. for example, p=0.05 means there is a 5% chance that an event will occur. commonly used in quality control to describe the chance that a run will be rejected.
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Likelihood, английский
- Вероятность. правдоподобие.
- Правдоподобие; вероятность
- In probabilistic and statistical methods, the likelihood is a measure of the evidence for the data when a hypothesis is assumed to be true. it is commonly used in bayesian and quasi-bayesian techniques. a related measure, minimum message length, can be derived from information theoretic principles. as an example, suppose you observe a data value x that is assumed to be gaussian. the likelihood for that data when the assumed mean is, say, 5, and the variance is 10, is proportional to e-((x-5)2/2*10), the kernel of a gaussian distribution. a likelihood is typically calculated using the kernel, rather than the complete distribution function, which includes the normalizing constants. see also: minimum message length.
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Process capability, английский
- An industrial term used to describe how the inherent variability of a production process under stable operation compared to the allowable variation. secrit is an index of process capability for an analytical testing process.
- The ability of a process to repeatedly find a defect under the influence of normal day-to-day variations of the process, people, materials, environment, and other influences normally tied to a confidence level.
Probability for false rejection, pfr, английский
A performance characteristic of a qc procedure that describes how often an analytical run will be rejected when there are no errors occurring, except for the inherent imprecision of the measurement procedure. ideally, pfr should be 0.00. in practice, we generally aim for a pfr of 0.05 or less.
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