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Sea state
| Глоссарий морских терминов (рангоут, такелаж, устройство судна) |
- The general condition of the free surface on a large body of water with respect to wind waves and swell at a certain location and moment, characterized by statistics, including the wave height, period, and power spectrum. the sea state varies with time, as the wind conditions or swell conditions change.
- A numerical or written representation of the roughness of the ocean surface, categorizing the force of progressively higher seas by wave characteristics, and the relationship of wind to waves. the large number of variables involved cannot be quickly and easily summarized, so simpler scales are used to give concise, approximate, descriptions, primarily for reporting in a ship’s log or similar record. see beaufort scale, douglas scale, and tables 1–5.
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Sea, английский
- The salt waters that cover the greater part of the earth’s surface
- Southeast asia (region)
- Stored energy actuator
- Level, static на уровне моря в статических условиях
- Море
- Strictly speaking, sea is the next large division of water after ocean, but in its special sense signifies only any large portion of the great mass of waters almost surrounded by land, as the black, the white, the baltic, the china, and the mediterranean seas, and in a general sense in contradistinction to land. by sailors the word is also variously applied. thus they say—“we shipped a heavy sea.” “there is a great sea on in the offing.” “the sea sets to the southward,” &c. hence a ship is said to head the sea when her course is opposed to the direction of the waves.—a long sea implies a uniform motion of long waves, the result of a steady continuance of the wind from nearly the same quarter.—a short sea is a confused motion of the waves when they run irregularly so as frequently to break over a vessel, caused by sudden changes of wind. the law claims for the crown wherever the sea flows to, and there the admiralty has jurisdiction; accordingly, no act can be done, no bridge can span a river so circumstanced without the sanction of the admiralty. it claims the fore-shore unless specially granted by charter otherwise, and the court of vice-admiralty has jurisdiction as to flotsam and jetsam on the fore-shore. but all crimes are subject to the laws, and are tried by the ordinary courts as within the body of a county, comprehended by the chord between two headlands where the distance does not exceed three miles from the shore. beyond that limit is “the sea, where high court of admiralty has jurisdiction, but where civil process cannot follow.”
- [from the anglo-saxon seolh]. the well-known marine piscivorous animal.
- [1] a body of saline water, smaller than an ocean, either (a) surrounded by land on most sides (mediterranean sea), or (b) part of one of the oceans (caribbean sea). [2] an inland body of water (caspian sea). [3] the condition of the water (calm sea, heavy sea). [4] an action of the water (ship sea). [5] a large area or great number of something (sea of faces).
- An international conference that convened in 1973 and ended in 1982. during those nine years, representatives of more than 160 sovereign states shuttled back and forth between new york and geneva, discussing issues, bargaining and trading national rights and obligations, in a series of marathon negotiations that produced the convention which came into force in november 1994. as of april 2008, it had been ratified by 155 coastal nations, excluding the united states. its key features cover: navigational rights, territorial sea limits, economic jurisdiction, legal status of resources on the sea bed uniforms 340 beyond the limits of national jurisdiction, passage of ships through narrow straits, conservation and management of living marine resources, protection of the marine environment, a marine research regime and, a more unique feature, a binding procedure for the settlement of disputes between states.
- Гch- 1ock s t ra tegy стратегия проверки результатов поиска 1**. secret key секретный ключ ключ, хранимый в тайне
Sea, английский
Sea - state educational agency, английский
The state board of education or other agency officer primarily responsible for the supervision of public elementary and secondary schools in a state. in the absence of this officer or agency, it is an officer or agency designated by the governor or state law.
Sea air, maritime air, английский
Sea anchor, английский
- A stabilizer deployed in the water for heaving to in heavy weather. it acts as a brake and keeps the hull in line with the wind and perpendicular to waves. often in the form of a large bag made of heavy canvas. see also drogue.
- Пловучий якорь
- A device such as a heavy spar, or drogue dropped from the bow to keep a vessel headed into the wind or sea, and to reduce drift, usually during a storm.
- A device designed to bring a boat to a near stop in heavy weather. typically, a sea anchor is set off the bow of a boat so that the bow points into the wind and rough waves.
Sea approaches and vrater area, английский
Sea barge, английский
[1] in naval use, a large logistical support vessel for beach landing operations. it carries such things as heavy lifting equipment, causeway sections, tugboats, pre-loaded barges, and other watercraft. [2] in civilian use, a carrier of pre-loaded self-propelled lighters, equipped with rollers to facilitate loading them onto seagoing container ships.
Sea bass, английский
Sea bass served with grilled lime, английский
Sea bed, английский
The floor or bottom beyond the continental shelf.
Sea beggar, английский
One of the dutch protestant revolutionary seamen who led a popular 16th–17th century revolt against spanish rule in the low countries. after independence they formed the nucleus of the dutch navy.
Sea biscuit or sea bread, английский
See hardtack.
Sea bloom, английский
Sea born, английский
[1] produced in the sea (e.g., a coral reef ). [2] created of or by the sea (e.g., an oceanide). [3] born at sea (e.g., a whale calf ).
Sea bottom, английский
Sea bottom reclamation, английский
Sea breeze, английский
- A small-scale wind circulation set off by differences in water and land temperatures along the coast. the sea breeze develops during the daytime and always blows from the sea. its counterpart is the land breeze.
- Дневной бриз - прибрежный ветер, который днем дует с моря на сушу
- A wind that blows from the sea onto the land,
- A light wind blowing from the sea toward the land. scuttle 278
- A thermally produced onshore wind during the late morning and afternoon.
Sea buoy, английский
See departure buoy.
Sea cabin, английский
A commanding officer’s quarters, used when in combat or during foul weather, adjacent to the bridge and smaller than that officer’s regular accommodation.
Sea captain, английский
The certificated master of a merchantman. also shipmaster.
Sea change, английский
This phrase for a major transformation is sometimes attributed to the ebb and flow of the tide, or to the uncertainty of weather at sea. in fact, it comes from shakespeare, specifically the tempest (i.ii.394) where the sprite ariel sings: full fathom five thy father lies: of his bones are coral made: those are pearls that were his eyes: nothing of him that doth fade but doth suffer a sea-change into something rich and strange.
Statistics, английский
- A branch of mathematics that deals with collecting, reviewing, summarizing, and interpreting data or information. statistics are used to determine whether differences between study groups are meaningful.
- Статистика (термин, употребляемый в различных значениях, в практической и научной областях. во-первых, статистика понимается как отрасль практической деятельности, направленной на собирание, обработку, анализ и публикацию массовых данных об общественных явлениях, синоним термина в этом смысле слова — понятие статистического учета; во- вторых, статистика рассматривается как отрасль знания, т. е. специальная научная дисциплина, — статистическая наука — и соответственно этому как учебная дисциплина в высших и средних специальных учебных заведениях; в-третьих, под статистикой пони ¦ мают совокупность сводных итоговых цифровых показателей, собранных для характеристики какой-либо области обществ, явлений или отдельного вопроса, например, статистика рождаемости в ссср в послевоенные годы)
- Official figures which show facts population statistics show that the birth rate is slowing down.
- Статистика
- N статистика linguistic ~ лингвистическая статистика stative a стативный, статичный, относящийся к состоянию чего-л. verb
- Статистика. классификация и интерпретация данных клинического исследования в соответствии с теорией вероятности и проверка гипотез применительно к таким данным.
Conditions, английский
- The terms of surrender.
- Обстоятельства; условия; режим
- Грузовая устойчивость ~ of crane during lifting operations грузовая устойчивость крана ~ of geometrical shape геометрическая неизменяемость ~ of slope устойчивость откоса ~ of volume постоянство объёма
- Наблюдения за работой сооружений в условиях эксплуатации
- Работа конструкции в условиях эксплуатационных нагрузок
- A set of specified constraints and parameters that are part of the rights group bundled into a rights label. these are enforced at the time of consumption.
Representation, английский
- N репрезента- ция, представление knowledge ~ представление знаний internal ~ псхл. внутреннее представление mental ~ ментальная репрезентация
- A collateral statement of such facts not inserted on the policy of insurance, as may give the underwriters a just estimate of the risk of the adventure. (see warranty.)
- A representation is a set of conventions about how to describe a class of things. representation will generally consist of four parts: 1. a lexicon that determines which symbols are in it vocabulary; 2. a structural part that describes the constraints on the symbols; 3. a collection of methods or procedures that allow the symbols to be manipulated and queried; and 4. a semantics that specifies the meaning of the symbols and their relationships. re-ranking in handwriting and text recognition systems, the task of re-ranking allows the candidate interpretations developed by the recognizer to be ranked or scored according to the language model. see also: word n-gram re-ranking, word-tag model.
- If something stands in place of or is chosen to substitute for something else, the former is considered a representation of the latter. e.g., representation of constituencies in government, linguistic representation of an event (->symbol). the 66 belief that all knowledge is a representation of the properties of the real world is as unacceptable as the insistence that all descriptions or messages are about something else.
Characteristics, английский
- The distinguishing qualities of a navigation aid or buoy, including shape and color, whether fixed or flashing, and flashing sequence.
- A high-performance fiber with high chemical resistance that does not burn in air. it has no melting point and does not drip when exposed to flame. the fiber and fabrics from pbi retain their flexibility, dimensional stability, and significant strength without embrittlement even when exposed to flame or extreme heat. the fiber emits little smoke in extreme conditions. it processes well on conventional textile equipment, having processing characteristics similar to polyester. it can be used in 100% form or blended with other fibers. it has a high moisture regain and low modulus with comfort properties similar to cotton. the natural color of pbi is a gold-khaki shade, but it can be dyed to almost any medium to dark shade with conventional basic dyes.
- Acetate fabrics are in appearance fast-drying, wrinkle and shrinkage resistant, crisp or soft in hand depending upon the end use.
- Although modacrylics are similar to acrylics in properties and application, certain important differences exist. modacrylics have superior resistance to chemicals and combustion, but they are more heat sensitive (lower safe ironing temperature) and have a higher specific gravity (less cover).
- Although the properties of the nylons described above vary in some respects, they all exhibit excellent strength, flexibility, toughness, elasticity, abrasion resistance, washability, ease of drying, and resistance to attack by insects and microorganisms.
- Because acrylic fibers are thermoplastic, fabrics may be heat-set for wrinkle resistance and to provide permanency to pleats. acrylic fabrics have low moisture absorbency and dry relatively quickly. in general, acrylic fibers are resistant to the degrading effects of ultraviolet rays in sunlight and to a wide range of chemicals and fumes. they provide warmth in fabrics that are lightweight, soft, and resilient. acrylic fibers have relatively poor flame resistance compared with other fibers. some acrylic fabrics, particularly knit types, approximate the hand of fine wool. because of the composition and cross section of the fiber, fabrics made therefrom have a high bulk to weight ratio. this is further enhanced with the so-called “high bulk” spun yarns.
- Glass fiber is incombustible and will tolerate heat up to 1000°f without material damage. potential strength is not realized in woven fabrics or even in yarns, because the fiber is brittle and fracture points may develop, but nevertheless, very high tensile strength is obtained in woven fabrics, and is retained at elevated temperatures. the fiber originally was difficult to color but methods have been developed to accomplish this. moisture absorption is low. electrical and insulation resistance is high.
- Polychlal fibers have a soft, lamb’s wool-like hand and moderate moisture regain. the fibers are also characterized by high flame resistance and high abrasion resistance.
- Polyester fibers have high strength and are resistant to shrinking and stretching. fabrics are quick drying and tend to have wrinkle resistance and crease retention, wet and dry. polyester is used alone and in blends. it has been one of the first fibers to be developed in fabrics with durable-press features.
- Polyethylene fibers have a low specific gravity, extremely low moisture regain, the same tensile strength wet and dry, and are resistant to attack by mildew and insects. these qualities have made polyethylene fiber suitable for industrial applications, geotextiles, outdoor furniture, and similar applications. polyethylene fiber does not dye, and in most cases, it is colored by the addition of pigments and dyes to the material prior to spinning. it has a low melting point, a property that has restricted its use in apparel.
- Polypropylene fibers have a number of advantages over polyethylene fibers in the field of textile applications. the degree of crystallinity, 72 to 75%, results in a fiber that is strong and resilient, and does not fibrillate like high-density polyethylene. polypropylene has a high work of rupture, which indicates a tough fiber, and may be made with tenacities as high as 8.0 to 8.5 grams per denier. the melting point of polypropylene is 165°c, which is low by comparison with nylon or polyester, but is high enough to make it suitable for most textile applications. so light that it actually floats, polypropylene fiber provides greater coverage per pound than any other fiber. it is highly resistant to mechanical abuse and chemical attack.
- Rayon yarns are made in a wide range of types in regard to size, physical characteristics, strength, elongation, luster, handle, suppleness, etc. they may be white or solution dyed. strength is regulated by the process itself and the structure of the yarn. (also see polynosic fiber.) luster is reduced by including delustering materials, such as titanium dioxide pigments, in the fiber when it is extruded. the suppleness of the yarn is controlled by the number of filaments in the yarn, the denier or gauge of the individual filaments or fibers, and the fiber cross-section.
- Spandex is lighter in weight, more durable, and more supple than conventional elastic threads and has between two and three times their restraining power. spandex is extruded in a multiplicity of fine filaments which immediately form a monofilament. it can be repeatedly stretched over 500% without breaking and still recover instantly to its original length. it does not suffer deterioration from oxidation as is the case with fine sizes of rubber thread, and it is not damaged by body oils, perspiration, lotions, or detergents.
Relationship, английский
- Отношение: соотношение; связь; взаимоотношение; взаимосвязь
- Отношение, степень родства
- A way in which someone or something is connected to another the incidence of the disease has a close relationship to the environment. he became withdrawn and broke off all relationships with his family.
- Зависимость, соотношение
- A connection between objects.
- A logical connection between entities.
- A smartart graphic layout type that includes layouts designed to illustrate connections.
- An association established between common fields (columns) in two tables. a relationship can be one-to-one, many-to-many, or one-to-many.
Approximate, английский
- Приблизительный ар-ps ammonium perchlorate-poly- styrene (propellant) полистирол- перхлоратаммониевое ракетное топливо
- Приблизительный
- Приблизительно
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Depth of hold, английский
- The height from the lowest part of the hull inside the ship, at its midpoint, to the ceiling that is made up of the uppermost full length deck. for old warships it is to the ceiling that is made up of the lowermost full length deck.
- The height between the floor and the lower-deck; it is therefore one of the principal dimensions given for the construction of a ship. it varies, of course, according to the end for which she is designed, trade or war.
Astern gear, английский
The gear or gears which, when engaged with an engine or motor, result in backwards movement or force. equivalent to reverse in a manual transmission automobile.
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