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Temperature cracking
| Глоссарий по архитектуре и конструкциям |
The cracking of a concrete member due to tensile failure caused by a temperature drop (if member is subjected to external restraints) or caused by a temperature differential (if member is subjected to internal restraints).
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Crack, английский
- Fissure
- Трещина
- A building defect consisting of complete or incomplete separation within a single element or between contiguous elements of constructions. crack-control reinforcement steel reinforcement in concrete construction to prevent cracks or to limit them to small, uniformly distributed ones.
- A thin break there’s a crack in one of the bones in the skull. verb to make a thin break in something, or become split she cracked a bone in her leg. cracked lip a lip where the skin has split because of cold or dryness
- “in a crack,” immediately.
- First-class or excellent (e.g., a crack ship is uncommonly smart in evolutions or discipline).
- Трещина о ~s caused by creep трещинообразование от ползучести; ~s
- Visible breakage of the powder coating, usually caused by insufficient cross-linking
- A snare drum sound in which the sharp attack of the stick on the head of the snare has been boosted for emphasis at around 5 to 10 khz.
- A defect in a woven fabric consisting of an open fillingwise streak extending partly or entirely across the fabric.
- A small, partial or incomplete defect.
- A discontinuity that has a relatively large cross-section in one direction and a small or negligible crosssection when viewed in a direction perpendicular to the first.
- (1) break, fissure, or rupture, sometimes v shaped and relatively narrow and deep. discontinuity that has a relatively large cross section in one direction and a small or negligible cross section when viewed in a direction perpendicular to the first. (2) propagating discontinuity caused by applied stresses such as mechanical flexing (fatigue crack). difficult to detect unaided because of fineness of line and pattern (may have a radial or latticed appearance). crack, fatigue: progressive crack that usually is initiated at a free surface such as a fastener hole and is caused by the repeated mechanical loading and unloading of the object.
- (1) разрыв, трещина или разрыв, иногда v-образной формы, относительно узкий и глубокий. разрыв, который имеет относительно большое поперечное сечение в одном направлении и маленькое или незначительное поперечное сечение, если смотреть в направлении, перпендикулярном первому. (2) распространяющаяся несплошность, вызванная приложенными напряжениями, например, механическим изгибом (усталостная трещина). трудно обнаружить без посторонней помощи из-за тонкости линий и рисунка (может иметь радиальный или решетчатый вид). трещина, усталость: прогрессирующая трещина, которая обычно возникает на свободной поверхности.
- Stress induced break, fissure or rupture, sometimes v shaped in cross section and relatively narrow. by convention, a crack is called linear if it is at least three times longer than it is wide.
- Propagating discontinuity caused by fatigue, corrosion or stresses such as heat treating or grinding. may be difficult to detect unaided because of fineness of line and pattern (may have a radial or latticed appearance).
- (1) stress induced break, fissure or rupture, sometimes v shaped in cross section and relatively narrow. by convention, a crack is called linear if it is at least three times longer than it is wide. (2) propagating discontinuity caused by fatigue, corrosion or stresses such as heat treating or grinding. may be difficult to detect unaided because of fineness of line and pattern (may have a radial or latticed appearance). compare fracture. crack, cold: (1) discontinuity that forms near room temperature while a casting cools due to stresses caused during nonuniform cooling. (2) discontinuity that may form in a weld either as it cools or later, if stress, hydrogen contamination and microstructural conditions allow. crack, crater: multisegment crack in a weld crater. segments radiate from a common point, often called star cracks. crack, fatigue: see fatigue. crack, forging: stress induced discontinuity formed during mechanical shaping of metal; see crack; discontinuity, primary processing. crack, grinding: shallow discontinuity formed in the surface of relatively hard materials because of excessive grinding heat or the brittleness of the material. grinding cracks typically are oriented perpendicular (90 degree rotation) to the direction of the grinding wheel. see also grinding burn. crack, hot: (1) discontinuity formed in a weldment caused by the segregation at grain boundaries of low melting constituents in the weld puddle. (2) postsolidification casting discontinuity caused by internal stresses.
- (1) a break, fissure or rupture, usually v shaped and relatively narrow and deep. a discontinuity that has a relatively large cross section in one direction and a small or negligible cross section when viewed in a direction perpendicular to the first.1 (2) propagating discontinuities caused by stresses such as heat treating or grinding. difficult to detect unaided because of fineness of line and pattern (may have a radial or latticed appearance).1
- (1) stress induced break, fissure, or rupture, sometimes v shaped in cross section and relatively narrow. by convention, a crack is called linear if it is at least three times longer than it is wide. (2) propagating discontinuity caused by corrosion, fatigue, grinding, stress (mechanical or thermal), welding, or working. may be difficult to detect unaided because of fineness of line and pattern (may have a radial or latticed appearance). compare fracture. crack, cold: (1) discontinuity that forms near room temperature while a casting cools due to stresses caused during nonuniform cooling. (2) discontinuity that may form in a weld either as it cools or later, if stress, hydrogen contamination, and microstructural conditions allow. compare crack, hot. crack, crater: multiple-segment crack in a weld crater. segments radiate from a common point, often called star cracks. crack, fatigue: see fatigue crack propagation. crack, forging: stress induced discontinuity formed during mechanical shaping of metal. see also burst; crack; discontinuity, primary processing. crack, grinding: clustered shallow surface cracks formed in relatively hard materials because of excessive grinding heat, thermal cycling, or the brittleness of the material. grinding cracks typically are oriented perpendicular (90 degree rotation) to the direction of the grinding wheel. see also grinding burn. crack, hot: (1) discontinuity formed in a weldment caused by the segregation at grain boundaries of low melting constituents in the weld puddle. (2) postsolidification casting discontinuity caused by internal stresses. compare crack, cold; hot tear. crack, quenching: rupture produced during quenching of hot metal because of more rapid cooling and contraction of one portion of test object than occurs in adjacent portions.
- Break, fissure or rupture, sometimes v shaped in cross section and relatively narrow. by convention, a discontinuity is called a crack if it is at least three times longer than it is wide. (2) propagating discontinuity caused by fatigue, corrosion or stresses such as heat treating or grinding. may be difficult to detect unaided because of fineness of line and pattern (may have a radial or latticed appearance).5,6 curie point (tc): temperature at which a phase transformation causes ferromagnetic materials to lose their magnetic properties. ? ? = 1 g r = 1 378 magnetic testing
- (1) break, fissure or rupture, sometimes v shaped in cross section and relatively narrow. by convention, a discontinuity is called a crack if it is at least three times longer than it is wide. (2) propagating discontinuity caused by fatigue, corrosion or stresses such as heat treating or grinding. may be difficult to detect unaided because of fineness of line and pattern (may have a radial or latticed appearance).10 crack, cold: crack that occurs after solidification, because of high stresses from nonuniform cooling.10 crack, cooling: crack resulting from uneven cooling after heating or hot rolling. cooling cracks are usually deep and lie in a longitudinal direction but are usually not straight.10 crack, fatigue: progressive growth of a crack that usually develops on the surface and is caused by the repeated loading and unloading of the object.10 crack, forging: crack developed by forging at too low a temperature, resulting in rupturing of the material.10 also called burst. crack, hot: crack that develops before the material has completely cooled, as contrasted with cold cracks that develop after solidification.10 crack, quenching: during quenching of hot metal, rupture produced by more rapid cooling and contraction of one portion of a test object than occur in adjacent portions.10
Crack, английский
Crack, английский
Crack, английский
Crack, немецкий
Crack -, английский
Трещинообразование; раскрытие трещин
Crack 47, английский
Crack climbing, английский
To ascend on a rock face by wedging body parts into cracks, i.e. not face climbing. see jamming and chimney.
Crack cocaine, английский
Crack, cocaína en base, basuco
Crack contaminant, английский
Material which fills a crack and which may prevent penetrants from entering.
Crack detection by holography, английский
Crack dressing out, английский
Crack extension, английский
Crack formation, английский
Crack growth, английский
Crack healing, английский
Crack length (depth), английский
Crack mark, английский
A sharp break or crease in the surface of a coated or laminated fabric.
Crack officer, английский
One of the best class.
Crack on, английский
Add sail to the limit of masts, yards, and rigging.
Crack on, to, английский
To carry all sail.
Temperature, английский
- Température
- Dry-bulb - temperature of air as indicated by a standard thermometer.
- An expression of thermal energy density. how hot or cold an object is.
- The measure of the intensity of heat that a substance possesses.
- Температура
- Температура тмр test methods and procedures методы проведения испытаний и последовательность их проведения тмр theodolite measuring point кинотеодолитная станция
- Temperatura, fiebre
- The condition attained when the wetted wick of a wet-bulb thermometer has reached a stable and constant temperature when exposed to moving air in excess of 900 ft (274.3 m) per minute.
- 1. the heat of the body or of the surrounding air, measured in degrees the doctor asked the nurse what the patient’s temperature was. his temperature was slightly above normal. the thermometer showed a temperature of 99°f. to take a patient’s temperature to insert a thermometer in someone’s body to see what his or her body temperature is they took his temperature every four hours. when her temperature was taken this morning, it was normal. 2. illness when your body is hotter than normal he’s in bed with a temperature. her mother says she’s got a temperature, and can’t come to work. comment: the average body temperature is about 37° celsius or 98° fahrenheit. this temperature may vary during the day, and can rise if a person has taken a hot bath or had a hot drink. if the environmental temperature is high, the body has to sweat to reduce the heat gained from the air around it. if the outside temperature is low, the body shivers, because rapid movement of the muscles generates heat. a fever will cause the body temperature to rise sharply, to 40°c (103°f) or more. hypothermia exists when the body temperature falls below about 35°c (95°f).
- Повышение температуры бетона ~ of truss высота фермы jet ~ высота подъёма горизонтальной неизотермической приточной струи, «всплывающей» над приточным отверстием
- Температура ~ of adiabatic saturation температура адиабатического насыщения
- Normal adult temperature varies among horses, but will usually range in degrees from 99.5°f to 100.5°f.
- A measure of the average kinetic energy of a material. the standard unit of temperature is a kelvin, (k). temperature determines the direction of heat flow between any two systems in thermal contact. heat will always flow from the area of higher temperature (t source) to one of lower temperature (t sink). temperature gradient (?t)
- A measure of the degree of molecular motion of a material compared to a reference point. temperature is measured in degrees farenheit (melting point of ice = 32 º f, boiling point of water = 212 º f) or degrees celsius (melting point of ice = 0 º c, boiling point of water = 100 º c).
- The degree of sensible heat of a body as measured by a thermometer or similar instrument.
- Measure of the intensity of particle motion in degrees celsius (°c) or degrees fahrenheit (°f) or, in the absolute scale, kelvin (k), where the increment of 1 k = 1 °c = 1.8 °f.
- Temperature of surrounding atmosphere. also called dry bulb temperature. compare standard atmospheric conditions. ampere (a): si unit of electric current. ampere per meter (a·m–1): si derived unit of magnetic field intensity. the measurement 1 a·m–1, for example, describes a current of 1 a flowing through a coil that is 1 m in diameter. compare oersted. ampere turn (at): in magnetic particle testing, unit for expressing the magnetomotive force required for magnetization using a coil in terms of the product of the number of coil turns and the current in amperes flowing through the coil. amplitude, echo: in ultrasonic testing, the vertical height of a received signal on an a-scan, measured from base to peak for a video presentation or from peak to peak for a radio frequency presentation.
- Measure of the intensity of particle motion in degrees celsius (°c), degrees fahrenheit (°f) or, in the absolute scale, kelvin (k) or degrees rankine (°r). an increment of 1 k = 1 °c = 1.8 °r = 1.8 °f. compare heat.
Differential, английский
- Дифференциал; разность; перепад; дифференциальный
- Разность; перепад (давлений)
- N дифференциал semantic ~ псхлнгв. семантический диффе- ренциал5 differentiated a дифференцированный; over-~ сверхдифференцированный 1 один из возможных способов синтаксической реализации семантиче- ских актантов предиката. 2 словарь языка писателя, философа или общественного деятеля; до 1990-х гг. в отеч. лит. бытовал термин «писательский словарь». 3 словарь с указанием норм произношения. 4 англ. термином reverse dictionary (rd) и русским обратный словарь называются разные вещи. в rd реализуется принцип «от значения к слову», поэтому rd скорее являются словарями ассоциаций, нежели обратными словарями, где слова расположены в обратном (инверси- онном) порядке. 5 метод качественно-количественного индексирования значения слова с помощью двухполюсных шкал, на каждой из которых имеется града- ция с парой антонимических прилагательных.
- Разница в оплате труда квалифицированных и неквалифицированных рабочих одной отрасли или рабочих разных отраслей промышленности
- System of gears capable of dividing the input torque of one shaft between two output shafts where rotation at different speeds is ukely to occur, as in cornering. used as the final drive of vehicles with two or more driven wheels. see also crown wheel
- A system of gears that allows the outside driven wheel to rotate faster than the inside driven wheel when turning a corner. conventional “open” differentials direct engine power to the wheel with the least traction, which can be a problem on slippery surfaces. to combat this, some vehicles are equipped with “limited-slip” differentials that ensure some power is always delivered to both driven wheels.
- Difference in value between two comparable items
- Difference in value between two comparable items change in value of one item compared to another (for example, a “cost-of-living differential” is the difference between the price of goods bought in the home country compared to the price of similar goods in the host country)
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Stress cracking, английский
The cracking of a weld or a base metal which contains residual stresses.
Hiling, английский
The covering or roof of a building.
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