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Pneumocyte
| Глоссарий медицинских терминов |
A cell of the walls between the air sacs in the lung
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Adrenoceptor, английский
A cell or neurone which is stimulated by adrenaline. also called adrenoreceptor, adrenergic receptor
Neuron, английский
- A cell in the nervous system which transmits nerve impulses. also called nerve cell
- In biology, a neuron is a specialized form of cell that transmits electrical impulses. generally it contains a central body or soma, input tendrils, called axons, and output tendrils, called dendrites. when a neuron receives a sufficiently large signal along its axons from other neurons or sensory nerves it generates an electrical impulse which travels to the dendrites. at the end of the dendrites there are synaptic junctions with other neurons or other outputs, such as muscles. the signal causes the synaptic junction to release chemicals that (may) cause the target to fire. in neural networks, a neuron is a single processing unit that receives inputs from other processing units, sums or otherwise collects the inputs and generates an output signal as a (usually non-linear) function of the collected inputs. n-gram this is the general term for a related family of markov techniques for modeling natural language. a bigram would model the natural language as a series of word pairs, and would model the language as a series of probabilistic transitions between pairs of words. similarly, a trigram-based model would model the transition to the next word on the basis of the last two words. in general, an n-gram-based model would model the language based on the last n-1 words or units. a popular "toy" based on n-grams is the variation of the so-called "travesty" program, where the input is a chunk of text, and the output is a bigram-based or trigram-based random walk down the transition tree. this is often used as an example of natural language generation. as the order of the approximation increases, the output begins to sound more and more like input. although presented above as a technique operating at the word level, it can also be applied at a "higher" level to various syntactic units (e.g., treating the red haired boy as a single "unit" rather than four separate words) or a class-based model, where the probability of a transition estimated from the class of the words comprises the vocabulary. an example of the latter approach would be to combine all cases of the pair (fruit name) ripens to estimate the probability that the word apple is followed by the word ripens.
- Specialized cell found throughout the nervous system that transmits signals through the nervous system using electrochemical processes
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