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Gimbals
| Словарь яхтенных терминов |
- Карданов подвес
- The two concentric brass rings, having their axles at right angles, by which a sea-compass is suspended in its box, so as to counteract the effect of the ship`s motion. (see compass.) also used for the chronometers.
- A system of rings and pivots which suspends an object such as compass, chronometer, or galley stove so that it can move freely in two planes at the same time, thus remaining horizontal even when its support is tilted.
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Карданов подвес, русский
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Concentric, английский
- Концентрический
- Curved lines or surfaces having a common center of curvature.
- Having a common center.
Chronometer, английский
- A timekeeper accurate enough to be used to determine longitude by means of celestial navigation.
- A valuable time-piece fitted with a compensation-balance, adjusted for the accurate measurement of time in all climates, and used by navigators for the determination of the longitude.
- An especially accurate and highly consistent marine timepiece designed to facilitate course-plotting. before the fifteenth century, the only reliable means of navigation was to follow known features on the shore. then acquisition of the compass from china via arabia, and the astrolabe from islam allowed european mariners to calculate their approximate north-south position (latitude) while out of sight of land. however, in the absence of a reliable means of measuring time, their east-west location (longitude) could only be “guesstimated” through a complex process known as dead reckoning. the resultant errors caused numerous shipwrecks. in 1713, the british parliament offered the then immense reward of ?20,000 for any means of determining longitude with an error of less than thirty miles (48 kms) after six weeks at sea. this demanded precise timekeeping to within three seconds per day while pitching and tossing and traveling from frigid arctic to steaming equator; a degree of accuracy which had seldom been achieved by the finest stationary clocks in temperate zones. sixty years later, the prize was won by john harrison, a yorkshire carpenter and selftaught horologist. his first machines were costly, complicated, and delicate; but soon he and pierre le roy of paris (independently) developed more rugged marine timekeepers with all the essential features of a modern chronometer. by then, invention of the sextant had provided a more accurate means of calculating latitude. thus, by the great naval wars of late 18th and early 19th centuries, shipmasters could set out on long voyages with confidence in making an accurate landfall or rendezvous. today, after more than two centuries of use, chronometers are being replaced by electronic timekeepers.
- Хронометр
Horizontal, английский
- Горизонталь; горизонтальный
- Горизонталь; горизонтальный 287
- At right angles to the direction of gravity; on the level; parallel to the horizon; neither vertical nor inclined.
- A direction parallel to the horizon, or what is commonly termed lying flat. one of the greatest inconveniences navigators have to struggle with is the frequent want of a distinct sight of the horizon. to obviate this a horizontal spinning speculum was adopted by mr. lerson, who was lost in the victory man-of-war, in which ship he was sent out to make trial of his instrument. this was afterwards improved by smeaton, and consists of a well-polished metal speculum about 3-1/2 inches in diameter, inclosed within a circular rim of brass, so fitted that the centre of gravity of the whole shall fall near the point on which it spins. this is the end of a steel axis running through the centre of the speculum, above which it finishes in a square for the convenience of fitting a
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Carline, английский
- Карлингс
- Transverse structural member of a vehicle roof which is formed in the shape of the roof profile required. normally supports the roof covering.
Карабин, скоба с защелкой, русский
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