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Driven back with repeated wounds
| Морской словарь |
Seated in his cabin he was stabbed by his cockswain and three other mutineers, and forced out of the cabin windows. the mutineers then murdered the other three lieutenants; the purser, surgeon, and captain’s clerk; one of the midshipmen, the boatswain, and the lieutenant of marines, “cutting and mangling their victims in the most cruel and barbarous manner.” it was one of the bloodiest and most violent mutinies in royal navy history. the mutineers sailed for la guaira, venezuela, where on september 27 they handed the ship over to the spanish, claiming they had set the officers adrift in the jollyboat, but the truth soon emerged. rear-admiral henry harvey, commander-in-chief, leeward islands, fully explained the ghastly circumstances in which the ship had been taken, but the spanish ignored him and fitted hermione for sea as a spanish national frigate named santa cecilia. two years later she was recaptured by a cutting-out expedition and remained in british service until 1805. eventually, 33 of the mutineers were captured and 24 of them were hanged. see also great mutiny.
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Lieutenant, английский
[1] a deputy or substitute (latin locum tenens = in place of ). [2] a junior naval or military officer. [3] used in combination with another military title denotes an officer of the next lower rank (e.g., lieutenant-general). this is one of the oldest military titles, and in naval use can be traced back to the twelfth century when a sailing master had full command of the ship, while the captain was responsible for embarked soldiers, with a non-commissioned lieutenant as his military deputy. by about 1580 the captain had assumed command of the ship, with the master as a subordinate responsible for shiphandling and navigation. the lieutenant was expected to replace the captain in case of death or incapacitation, but was still non-commissioned, being appointed with no official rank. some 50 years later, naval lieutenants had evolved beyond their purely military role to become professional commissioned sea officers. in about 1677, shortly after his appointment as secretary of the admiralty, samuel pepys introduced formal examinations which had to be passed to qualify for a third lieutenant’s commission. thereafter advancement depended entirely on seniority. third and second lieutenants each had specific shipboard duties in addition to their prime responsibilities of standing watch and commanding a division of guns in battle (see separate entry for first lieutenant). in the days of rated warships, a first-rate normally carried seven to nine lieutenants (one first, one or two seconds, and five or six thirds). the complement diminished with the vessel’s rating (for example a third-rate had five lieutenants, while a sixth rate had only two). nowadays, a naval lieutenant is senior to lieutenant (jg) or sublieutenant, and junior to lieutenant commander. at its inception in 1775, the continental navy essentially adopted the then current royal navy rank structure, including that of lieutenant (see table 15). an army or marine lieutenant is senior to second lieutenant and junior to captain. pronunciation is loo-tenant in america. until world war ii all british commonwealth navies said let-enant, but the influx of temporary non-career officers overwhelmed that tradition and substituted the army’s lef-tenant, the former pronunciation being retained only by the canadian armed forces maritime command. lieutenant-at-arms: formerly, a warship’s most junior lieutenant, responsible for assisting the master- at-arms in training seamen to handle small arms.
Circumstances, английский
Обстоятельства, условия, положение дел; финансовое состояние
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Hertz horn, английский
The upper half of a naval contact mine is studded with hollow lead protuberances called hertz horns. when a ship’s hull hits one of these horns, its lead casing is crushed, cracking a glass vial filled with sulfuric acid. the acid runs down a tube into an empty lead-acid battery, forming the electrolyte and energizing the battery, which detonates the explosive.
Hermione mutiny, английский
In 1797 captain hugh pigot, a ruthless disciplinarian, was posted to command 32- gun frigate hms hermione. on september 21, cruising off puerto rico, he ordered the topsails reefed, saying the last man off the mainyard should be flogged. in their panic to get down, three young sailors fell to their deaths and pigot ordered, “throw the lubbers overboard” (citations are from naval history of great britain, william james, 1837). all the other topmen were then severely reprimanded and threatened with punishment. when some sailors complained, pigot had them flogged. discontent ... kept increasing until the next evening, when it fatally burst forth. the men in addition to the loud murmurs they uttered, now began throwing double-headed shot about the deck; and on the first lieutenant’s advancing to inquire into the cause of the disturbance, they wounded him in the arm with a tomahawk. he retired, for a while, and then returned ... the wretches knocked him down with a tomahawk, cut his throat, and threw him overboard. the captain, hearing a noise, ran on deck, but was
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