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Linked inference rules
| Глоссарий по искусственному интеллекту |
Linked inference rules relax the syntactic constraints of ordinary inference rules by allowing link clauses to serve as bridges between clauses that initiate inferences and clauses that complete inferences. ur-resolution, hyperresolution, and paramodulation can all be extended by allowing link clauses to link the nucleus with the satellite clauses. see also: hypermodulation, paramodulation, ur-resolution..
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Constraints, английский
Resolution, английский
- The smallest change in the parameter being measured that causes a detectable change in the output of the instrument.
- Разрешение
- Defines the smallest resolvable object in the target plane at a given range-to-target, atmospheric condition and target signal level ability of a telescope to differentiate between two objects in the sky which are separated by a small angular distance
- The measure of the fine detail that can be seen in an image. for analog systems this is typically measured in television lines or tvl. the higher the tvl rating, the higher the resolution.
- Refers to the degree of detail of an image. it is usually measured in dots per inch (dpi) or lines per inch (lpi). a high resolution gives a high quality image and vice versa.
- The quality of any digital image, whether printed or displayed on a screen, depends in part on its resolution—the number of pixels used to create the image. more and smaller pixels adds detail and sharpens edges. l optical is an absolute number that the camera`s image sensor can physically record. l interpolated adds pixels to the image using complex software algorithms to determine what color they should be. it is important to note that interpolation doesn`t add any new information to the image it just makes it bigger! camera makers often specify the resolution as: qvga (320 x 240), vga (640 x 480), svga (800 x 600), xga (1024 x 768) or uxga (1600 x 1200)
- A measure of picture resolving capabilities of a television system determined primarily by bandwidth, scan rates and aspect ratio. relates to fineness of details perceived.
- The ability to distinguish fine detail or resolve information within an image.
- Refers to the number of pixels, both horizontally and vertically, used to either capture or display an image. the higher the resolution, the finer the image detail will be.
- The quality of any digital image, whether printed or displayed on a screen, depends on its resolution, or the number of pixels used to create the image. more, smaller pixels add detail and sharpen the edges.
- 1. the amount of detail which can be seen in a microscope or on a computer monitor 2. a point in the development of a disease where the inflammation begins to disappear
- Наименьшее расстояние между деталями, обеспечивающее их захват роботом
- Разложение (на составляющие) ~ of forces разложение сил ~ of vector разложение вектора
- Resolution is a rule used in logical inference. it states that if there is an axiom of the form (a or b) and another of the form (not(b) or c), then (a or c) logically follows. see also: modus ponens, modus tollens.
- Разрешающая способность. способность значимо различать близкие значения [28].
- A measure of the fineness of detail in an image or text, usually as produced by a monitor or printer.
- Loosely speaking, the quality of an image. when printing or working with images, the resolution is usually measured in dots per inch (dpi) - the more dots per inch, the higher the quality of the image but the larger the file needed to store it. in windows, the screen resolution is how many- pixels- fit on the desktop, the most popular being 800 x 600 and 1024 x 768 - the former makes images, icons etc look bigger, but the latter means you can fit more of them on the screen.
- The process of translation between a domain name address and an ip address.
- A document that records a decision or action by a board of directors, or a bond resolution by a government entity authorizing a bond issue.
- The number of dots in an image’s screen display or printed output. a monitor’s resolution refers to the number of pixels per linear inch. printed resolution refers to dots per linear inch. (see dpi.)
- The ability to distinguish between two points in an image
- Разрешающая способность. мера способности видеокамеры или телевизионной системы воспроизводить детали. число элементов изображения, которые могут быть воспроизведены с хорошей четкостью.
- Aspect of image quality pertaining to a system’s ability to reproduce objects, often measured by resolving a pair of adjacent objects or parallel lines. see also line pair; resolving power.
- Aspect of image quality pertaining to a system’s ability to depict objects, often measured by distinguishing (resolving) a pair of adjacent objects or parallel lines.
- A system’s ability to depict two objects or signals in close proximity as separate from one another. resolution, or resolving power, varies with size, distance, sensor characteristics, object shape, object color, and contrast. see also line pair; vision acuity.
- An aspect of image quality pertaining to a system’s ability to reproduce objects, often measured by resolving a pair of adjacent objects or parallel lines.6
Hyperresolution, английский
Hyperresolution is an inference rule that can be used in automated reasoning systems. it focuses on two or more clauses, requiring one of the clauses (the nucleus) contain at least one negative literal and the remaining (the satellites) contain no negative literals. briefly, a conclusion is yielded if a unifier (substitution of terms for variables can be found that, when applied, makes identical (except for sign) pairs of literals, one negative literal from the nucleus with one positive from a satellite. the conclusion is yielded by ignoring the paired literals, applying the unifier simultaneously to the nucleus and the satellites, and taking the union of the resulting literals. it can be considered a generalization of binary resolution, which considers exactly two clauses simultaneously. see also: ur-resolution.
Paramodulation, английский
Paramodulation is an inference rule that can be used in automated reasoning systems. paramodulation always focuses on two clauses, requiring that one of the clauses contain at least one literal asserting the equality of two expressions. see also: hyperresoltion.
Constraint, английский
- Сдерживание (отношение события к последующей работе, из-за которого работа не может быть начата; отношение работы к последующему событию, из-за которого это событие не может совершиться)
- N 1 ограничение (син. restriction); 2 то же, что и cognitive principle functional head c~ уис один из принципов универсальной грамматики, согласно кото- рому фунциональная вершина требует нали- чия определенных признаков у своих ком- плементов 1 рассматриваемые в логике утвердительные выражения. mental ~s умственные ограничения
- The difference between a set and a subset indicating that the variety that exists under one condition is less than the variety that exists under another (after ashby). for an observer, constraints become apparent when he finds that a system can assume fewer states than are logically possible or hypothesised by him. within a cartesian product a constraint is the complement of a relation, the former contains all states excluded by the latter. information is a measure of the constraint imposed by a condition or message.
- A limitation or a restriction.
- Сдерживающий фактор
- Any restriction that occurs to the transverse contraction normally associated with a longitudinal tension, and that hence causes a secondary tension in the transverse direction.
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Link analysis, английский
Link analysis is a technique for exploring associations among large numbers of objects of different types. it is a relatively new area and is used in police investigations, fraud detection, epidemiology, and similar areas. unlike many graph-based techniques, which induce a graph from a multivariate structure, link analysis begins with data that can be presented in the forms of links (e.g., telephone calls). see also: association rules, bayesian network.
Mahalanobis distance, английский
Mahalanobis distances are a generalization of classic euclidean distances that allow that changes in some directions are harder or more "expensive" than changes in other directions. the relative "cost" of the differences are summarized in a weight matrix w, and the distance is calculated as the square root of (x-y)`w(xy), where x and y are the feature vectors of the two objects being compared. see also: manhattan distance, metric,, ordinary least squares.
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