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Imperfect competition
| Глоссарий терминов коммунальных услуг |
Situations where the equilibrium price is not the result of the impersonal forces of supply and demand—but due to the interaction relatively large rivals. the result of market structures that feature barriers to entry and differentiated products.
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Несовершенная конкуренция, русский
Ситуации, когда равновесная цена формируется не в результате влияния сил спроса и предложения, а вследствие взаимодействия относительно крупных конкурентов. результат структуры рынка характеризуется наличием барьеров для входа и дифференцированной продукцией.
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Competitio, латинский
Competitio [onis, f], латинский
Competitio, onis, f, латинский
Competitio, onis, f (commercialis), латинский
Competition, английский
- Struggle among trees and other vegetation, generally for limited nutrients, light, and water present on a site. competition can cause reduced tree growth. severe competition in very dense stands may cause stand stagnation (17).
- Конкуренция в реальной экономике всевозможные сочетания таких факторов, как человеческая изобретательность, высокие таможенные барьеры по отношению к продукции тех или иных отраслей, рост эффективности производства ввиду его крупных масштабов и пр мешают развернуться настоящей конкуренции правительства многих стран признают этот факт и стремятся поддержать конкуренцию посредством антимонопольных законов и политических мер
- Соревнование
- Конкуренция
- Interaction between members of the same population or of two or more populations to obtain a resource that both require and which is available in limited supply, hence, limiting overall fitness (survival, growth, reproduction of an organism). asymmetrical c.: competition between two organisms (or species) in which one is much more severely affected than the other (principle of displacement of the weaker by the stronger organism). exclusion c.: the elimination from an area or habitat of one species by another through interspecific competition. exploitation c.: competition in which any adverse effects on an organism are brought about by reductions in resource levels caused by other competing organisms (on a first come first serve basis). interference c.: competition between two organisms in which one physically excludes the other from a portion of a habitat and hence from the resources that could be exploited there. interspecific c.: competition between individuals for the same limited resources by different species - (exclusion principle of gausse) competing species relying on the same ecological resources cannot exist together. intraspecific c.: competition between individuals for the same limited resources by the same species. symmetrical c.: (see asymmetrical competition).
- Businesses that sell similar products or services and compete for the same customer segment.
- Intra- or intermarket rivalry between or among businesses trying to obtain a larger piece of the same market share.
- Competition tends to come in two varieties: competition among the few (a market with a small number of sellers or buyers, such that each can exercise some degree of market power) and competition among the many (perfect competition - a market with so many buyers and sellers that none is able to influence the market price or quantity exchanged).
- There are two types of competition:
Competition, английский
Competition, русский
Competition against the clock, английский
Competition ahead, английский
Often used in risk arbitrage. situation whereby another otc market maker has transacted with investment bank at the stated market level before the bid/offer has been made.
Competition days, английский
Competition law syn, английский
Competition number, английский
Competition policy, английский
- Конкурентная политика проводимая правительством политика, нацеленная на расширение и поддержку здоровой конкуренции
- Government policy that promotes competition and efficiency. this policy is usually reflected in antitrust laws.
Competition rules, английский
Правила соревнований
Competition schedule, английский
Competition site, английский
Место соревнований
Competition tracker, английский
A business application that tracks details and news about competitors and compares one’s key products with those of competitors.
Competition with progressively difficult obstacles, английский
Competition-based pricing, английский
Setting price according to what the competition is doing or planning.
Competitioner, английский
Участник соревнования, состязания, конкурса лицо, поступающее на работу по конкурсу
Competitive, английский
Конкурентоспособный
Equilibrium, английский
- Равновесие
- The state of being equally balanced; a state of a body in which the forces acting on it are equally balanced.
- A state of balance
- Равновесие, равновесное состояние ~ of forces равновесие сил
- Literally balance, here balance of forces acting on each other. in a static equilibrium forces compensate each other so that the system is motionless, e.g., a scale at rest. if forces do not compensate each other fully at one instant in time, a system moves until it encounters higher-order constraints, e.g, after starting an engine, it accelerates to a point at which energy supply and work load plus friction are again in balance. in such a dynamic equilibrium, forces complement each other dynamically so that the system`s behavior is repetitive, predictable, does not generate new states and the trajectory follows a regular cycle. e.g., mass production at a well-worked out assembly line, sterotypical conversation within a 28 family, routine administrative procedures. a system may have several distinct equilibria (->polystability). a system in equilibrium conveys no information. one important equilibrium property is stability. homeostasis is a process of interaction favouring an equilibrium.
- The stable state of the system. see: attractor.
- A state of balance in which there is no tendency for change. see disequilibrium.
Impersonal, английский
A безличный, не от- носящийся к определенному лицу; pseudo-~ псевдобезличный verb
Interaction, английский
- An effect which two or more substances such as drugs have on each other
- Взаимодействие
- N взаимодействие; talk-in-~ речь-во-взаимодействии level intercepted a прерванный intercultural a межкультурный (син. crosscultural) communication, relation
- Взаимодействие inter-agency coordinating committee (icc)
- Взаимодействие. см. drug interaction.
- Взаимодействие; взаимосвязь; интеракция; обмен информацией
- A pattern or sequence of message exchanges that accomplishes a purpose, such as performing an operation. objects in a collaboration interact by exchanging messages. messages can be signals or calls and can include conditions and time events.
- The direct manipulation (e.g. a gesture and inertia) of an element.
- Language use to maintain social relationships rather than achieve ends.
Relatively, английский
Differentiated, английский
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Advisory bodies, английский
Some regulatory commissions have established groups that provide input regarding sector performance. these boards are generally consultative bodies that obtain feedback from consumer groups.
Market imperfections, английский
Situations that differ from those that characterize efficient competitive markets. market power is inconsistent with perfect competition. also, when consumers are not aware of the consequences of decisions on their own health or well-being (e.g., unhealthy food or unsafe products), such consumer ignorance is sometimes viewed as a market imperfection. such imperfections provide a potential justification for government intervention (and antitrust and product labeling, in the above cases). see also market failures for another category of problems.
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