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Bioenergy
| Глоссарий по геотермальной энергии |
Energy derived from any form of biomass.
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Biofuel, английский
Any liquid, gaseous or solid fuel produced from biomass, for example, soybean oil, alcohol from fermented sugar, black liquor from the paper manufacturing process, wood as fuel, etc. traditional biofuels include wood, dung, grass and agricultural residues. first-generation manufactured biofuel is derived from grains, oilseeds, animal fats and waste vegetable oils with mature conversion technologies. second-generation biofuel uses non-traditional biochemical and thermochemical conversion processes and feedstock mostly derived from the lignocellulosic fractions of, for example, agricultural and forestry residues, municipal solid waste, etc. third-generation biofuel would be derived from feedstocks like algae and energy crops by advanced processes still under development. these second- and third-generation biofuels produced through new processes are also referred to as next-generation or advanced biofuels or advanced biofuel technologies.
Annex i countries, английский
The group of countries included in annex i (as amended since malta was added after that date) to the unfccc, including developed countries and some countries with economies in transition. under articles . (a) and . (b) of the convention, annex i countries were encouraged to return individually or jointly to their levels of greenhouse gas emissions by . the group is largely similar to the annex b countries to the kyoto protocol. by default, the other countries are referred to as non-annex i countries. see also unfccc, kyoto protocol.
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