|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Telomere/telomerase
| Глоссарий по геронтологии (Gerontology) |
Repetitive dna sequences at the four ends of the chromosome, which an rna-containing enzyme can lengthen called telomerase.
|
|
Repetitive, английский
A повторительный compound, sequence
Chromosome, английский
- A rodshaped structure in the nucleus of a cell, formed of dna, which carries the genes comment: each human cell has 46 chromosomes, 23 inherited from each parent. the female has one pair of x chromosomes, and the male one pair of xy chromosomes, which are responsible for the sexual difference. sperm from a male have either an x or a y chromosome. if a y chromosome sperm fertilises the female’s ovum the child will be male.
- In genetic algorithms, this is a data structure that holds a sequence of task parameters, often called genes. they are often encoded so as to allow easy mutations and crossovers (i.e., changes in value and transfer between competing solutions). see also: crossover, gene, genetic algorithm, mutations.
- The structures in the nucleus of the cell, consisting of dna bound to histones and other proteins. the genes are made of dna (although most of the dna sequence is not part of any gene). genes are arranged along the chromosomes in a continuous sequence. chromosome protein structure allows for selective activation (genes are transcribed into protein) or silencing (genes are not expressed), and thus for differential expression of the genome in different cell types and expression of genes in appropriate sequences during the development of the organism or under various metabolic conditions.
- Bacteria genomic dna
- Discrete dna structure within a cell that controls cellular activities
Containing, английский
Telomerase, английский
Enzyme that attaches to the end of a linear chromosome and adds nucleotides to the 3’ end of one of the dna strands, maintaining the telomere sequence, thus preventing loss of dna from the end of the chromosome
|
Therapeutic cloning, английский
The creation of a several day-old embryo using scnt to harvest the cells for subsequent tissue-culture amplification and injection into a host for therapeutic purposes (presumably without fear of gvh [graft vs. host] disease or immunological rejection).
Stem cell, английский
An undifferentiated cell that possesses the ability to divide for indefinite periods in culture and may give rise to highly specialized cells of each tissue type. there are embryonic stem cells found in the blastocyst known to be totipotent. in contrast, adult stem cells found in bone marrow, for example, may only be pluripotent (not able to produce an entirely new organism but can produce all three tissue types).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
