|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pathology
|
- Патология
- Structural and functional deviations from normal that characterize a specific disease.
- The study of diseases and the changes in structure and function which diseases cause in the body. also called morbid anatomy
- N мед. патология speech ~ , speech language ~ , speech-language ~ патология речи, речевая патология
- The systematic study of the structure and organization of systems that make some of its variables depart from normality. originally restricted to health and bodily function, e.g., illness in medicine, it is now extended to include psychological and social processes as well, e.g., speech disturbances, double binds and other communication disorders, families with self-recognized problems, perpetual poverty in society.
- Study of disease
|
Pth, английский
Патология, русский
- 1. раздел медицины, изучающий болезненные процессы и состояния в живых организмах.
- (от греч. pathos – страдание и logos – учение) – учение о болезнях; отклонение от нормы. патологический – больной, ненормальный. кант называет патологическим то, что определяется чувствами или влечениями (а не является самодеятельным, не определяется свободным разумным решением).
- (от греч . pathos - страдание, болезнь и ...логия), область теоретической и клинической медицины, изучающая патологические процессы (общая патология) и отдельные заболевания (частная патология); включает патологическую анатомию, патологическую физиологию и т. д. патологией называется также любое отклонение от нормы.
- Pathology
- Любое отклонение от нормы
- Заболевание; состояние, отличающееся от нормы.
Patología, испанский
|
Structural, английский
- Структурный; конструктивный
- Said of a load-bearing member, element, etc., of a building.
- A структурный analysis, class, description, linguistics, metaphor, order, phonologist, phonology, series, signal, system
Functional, английский
- Функциональный
- A функциональный constraint, force, grammar, meaning, notion, оnomatology, perspective, phonologist, phonology, semantics, style, unit functionalism n функционализм functional-lexical a функционально-лексический
Characterize, английский
Systematic, английский
Common to all businesses.
Organization, английский
- Организация
- N организация lexical ~ лексическая организация orientational a ориентационный metaphor
- Европейская организация производства товарного бетона
- Организация ~ of safety обеспечение безопасности (на производстве); меры по технике безопасности ~ of work организация работ
- Has at least three meanings (1) the act of arranging components to form a pattern different from what would occur by chance, by some criterion or better than it was before (->coordination) e.g., conducting a political campaign; (2) a complex complementary conditionality in behavior or in the coexistence of physical or living components (ashby) as in an ecological system or in such social organizations as a family, a university or a government agency being constituted by its members through conventional rules of conduct, legally recognized and interacted with by observers or by other social organizations; (3) the relations, and processes of communication, including coordination and coorientation among the components or variables of a system that (a) determine the dynamics of interaction and transformations it may undergo in a physical space and (b) constitute (->constitution) its unity whether only for an observer (->allopoiesis) or also for itself (->autopoiesis). in this third and largely cybernetic meaning, the properties of the components that realize a system as a concrete physical entity do not enter the description of that system`s organization. it follows that machines, organisms and social forms of vastly different materiality and components may have the same organization. accordingly, a whole system 56 may be explained in terms of the properties of its components and its organization (->analysis). the use to which a particular system may be put or who created it in the first place is not a feature of its organization. a theory of design (including engineering), management and of (concrete) organizational behavior is concerned with (1). a theory of organizations concerns (2) and attempts to provide generalizations about how cells, or organisms interact or how and why people work together and form larger unities (->general systems theory). cybernetics is concerned and has in fact been considered coextensive with an organization theory which concerns (3) and attempts to provide theories of or a logic for how unities and whole systems can arise or be maintained through the forms of communication (and more complex kinds of interactions and interdependencies) among components without reference to their materiality. the theory of modelling is a direct outgrowth of this organization concept. like cybernetics generally, an organization theory is not disturbed by the possibility that some organizations may not be realized by man or by nature but it will be informed by the finding that they cannot exist (ashby).
- A work structure that divides the responsibility for economic resources and processes.
- The top level of a business hierarchy.
Originally, английский
Первоначально
Restricted, английский
Placed on a list that dictates that the trader may not maintain positions, solicit business, or provide indications in a stock, but may serve as broker in agency trades after being properly cleared. traders are so restricted due to investment bank involvement with the company on nonpublic activity (i.e., mergers and acquisitions defense), affiliate ownership, or underwriting activities; signified on the quotron by a flashing "r." a restricted list and the stocks on it should never be conveyed to anyone outside of the trading areas, much less outside the firm. see: grey list.
Communication, английский
- Связь; связной
- (кан.) решение экспертизы
- N коммуни- кация; процесс передачи информации; mis~ недопонимание, непонимание | attr. комму- никативный disorder, impairment, strategy cross-cultural (intercultural) ~ межкультурная коммуникация non-verbal ~ невербальная, неречевая комму- никация verbal ~ вербальная, речевая коммуникация
- Передача (распространение) информации процесс информирования населения.
- Corresponding by letter, hail, or signal. (see line of communication and boyaux.)
- Loosely, the transmission of structure across systems differentiated in time and in space, the process by which one mind affects another, interaction mediated by signals, symbols or messages. more formally and in cybernetics, communication is that construct an observer requires when he cannot take a dynamic system apart without loss (->ana~ysis), yet wants to distinguish, understand and say something about that system`s parts, variables or members, or alternatively, when he wants to explain the behavior of anyone of its parts yet cannot accomplish this adequately without reference to other parts of the system. communication ~s what integrates and distinguishes the participation of individuals in such wholes as groups, communities, societies. a more detailed analysis of communication processes reveals that they involve patterns that convey information, are subjected to numerous constraints and are describable in terms of transformations, including encoding, decoding, (->coding), transmission, and distortions due to the characteristics of a channel. historically, communication. was thought of as a binary relation between a sender and a receiver. modern conceptions of communication include complex networks possibly with feedback loops having the effect of memory, coordination, and coorientation and exhibiting dynamic properties not manifest in, and explainable by, reference to the properties of the.communicators involved (->constructivism). communications (plural
|
Pth, английский
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
