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Used and useful
| Глоссарий терминов коммунальных услуг |
A test used by regulators to evaluate the justification for particular corporate investments, used for cost of service and price cap regulation. the test checks whether a plant or piece of equipment is actually being utilized to provide service, and that it is contributing to the provision of the service. for example, if a company has excessive numbers of distribution lines carrying electricity to a neighborhood, the regulatory authority may disallow some of the investment because even though the lines carry electricity (are “used”), they are not needed, so they are not “useful.” see prudency.
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Используемый и полезный, русский
Анализ, проводимый регулирующими органами для оценки обоснования инвестиционных программ компаний при регулировании по стоимости обслуживания и предельных цен. анализ выявляет, используется ли оборудование или его комплектующая часть для предоставления услуги, и способствует ли оно предоставлению услуги. например, если компания имеет чрезмерное количество распределительных линий, передающих электроэнергию в определенной местности, то регулирующий орган может запретить некоторые инвестиции в строительство, поскольку, несмотря на то, что линии служат для передачи электроэнергии (являются «используемыми»), они не нужны, и поэтому не являются «полезными». см. проверка обоснованности затрат.
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Regulators, английский
- Органы регулирования
- A term used to refer to members of a government agency responsible for monitoring sector performance, addressing stakeholder concerns, and implementing government policies. an individual regulator may serve as a member of a commission that is responsible for balancing the interests of producers, consumers, and political officials.
Justification, английский
- N обоснование juxtaposing n соположение
- The process of aligning text along both the left and right margins.
- Представление поручителем доказательства платежеспособности должника, за которого он поручился
- It might be lawful for a person or organisation to treat you unfavourably if they can show that: there were valid intentions behind their action (such as ensuring the health and safety of others, or keeping up staff attendance so that their business can run properly), and it was an appropriate action to take in the circumstance. legally this is called a `justification`. whoever is deciding whether or not unfavourable treatment is justified needs to balance the needs of both sides carefully, which can be very complicated. l
Particular, английский
A частный; конкретный grammar partitioned a разделённый на части sequence 1 одна из базовых операций компьютерной обработки текстов; в каче- стве данных берутся текст либо сегмент текста, грамматика и цель разбора, а на выходе получается удовлетворяющее цели множество значений категориальной отнесённости сегментов в виде, например, дерева разбора. 2 применяется запоминание также и гипотез, выдвигаемых при разбо- ре, и результатов их проверки – м. кэй. 3 используется, в частности, для разбора арифметических выражений. partitioning n членение sentence ~ членение предложений (напр., при переводе )
Investments, английский
- As a discipline, the study of financial securities, such as stocks and bonds, from the investor`s viewpoint.
- A commitment of money for expected return
- A commitment of money for expected return money and capital which is spent in order to make more money (examples: stocks, bonds, real-estate) jjob analysis
Regulation, английский
- A rule or order prescribed for management or government
- Регулирование
- Регулирование, правило, постановление
- Any rule prescribing permitted or forbidden conduct, whether established by legislation or the action of an administrative agency; also
- The act of regulating the regulation of the body’s temperature
- Any systematic (rule-like or determinate) behavior of one part of a system that tends to restrict the fluctuations in behavior of another part of that system. while both parts must lie in the same feedback loop, regulation involves this basic asymmetry
- The process whereby the designated government authority provides oversight and establishes rules for firms in an industry. regulation places constraints on behavior, establishes good (or bad) incentives, and addresses issues that are politically contentious. decisions are implemented through a rule or order issued by an executive authority or regulatory agency of a government and having the force of law.
- Норма
- A rule or order issued by governmental executive authorities or regulatory agencies and having the force of law. regulations implement policies and are mostly specifi c for particular groups of people, legal entities or targeted activities. regulation is also the act of designing and imposing rules or orders. informational, transactional, administrative and political constraints in practice limit the regulator’s capability for implementing preferred policies.
- The order in which trains are run in practice so as to minimise delay
Distribution, английский
- Распределение. размещение.
- Распределение - рыночный процесс, при котором крупные рыночные трейдеры в основном продают бумаги мелким трейдерам;
- The distribution of a set of numerical data is how their values are distributed over the real numbers. it is completely characterized by the empirical distribution function. similarly, the probability distribution of a random variable is completely characterized by its probability distribution function. sometimes the word "distribution" is used as a synonym for the empirical distribution function or the probability distribution function. if two or more random variables are defined for the same experiment, they have a joint probability distribution.
- Refers to the spread and shape of a frequency curve of some variable. a histogram is one way to graphically display the distribution of test results by showing the frequency of observations on the y-axis versus the magnitude on the x-axis. the normal or gaussian curve is one form of a distribution.
- Распределение
- Торговля; сфера обращения; распределение
- A way to limit where your usenet postings go. handy for such things as for sale messages or discussions of regional politics.
- The movement of freshly mixed concrete toward the point of placement, either by motorized tools or by hand. distribution-bar reinforcement, distribution
- N дистрибуция complementary ~ дополнительная дистрибу- ция, отношение дополнительности5 contrastive ~ контрастная, контрастирущая дистрибуция non-contrastive ~ неконтрастная, неконтра- стирущая дистрибуция distribution(al)
- Распределение dna (deoxyribonucleic acid)
- Распределение. 1. распределение данных. данные могут иметь определенную форму (вид) распределения, которая зависит от их характеристик. например, рост имеет нормальное распределение (см. normal distribution), а результаты метания игральных костей следуют равномерному (случайному) распределению. 2. распределение (распространение) вещества и его метаболитов в организме после применения препарата. обычно описывается с помощью объема распределения (см. volume of distribution) и свободной фракции.
- Diamond pattern
- A payout of cash or property from a corporation to a shareholder.
- Распределение; размещение; распространение; разводка (труб) ~ of bending stresses over the cross
- Распределение. ранжирование значений переменной от наименьшего до наибольшего и результирующая совокупность характеристик или показателей, выстроенных в виде графика [20]. плотность распределения, например, показывает возможные значения параметра в зависимости от числа появлений каждого значения в выборке или совокупности. во многих случаях это характеризует разброс единич-ных значений выборки или совокупности вокруг среднего значения.
- The delivery of electricity to the retail customer’s home or business through low voltage distribution lines.
- The spatial range of a species, usually on a geographic but sometimes on a smaller scale, or the arrangement or spatial pattern of a species over its habitat. • food resources will lead to this distribution. d. over space: • altitude: species diversity less abundant in higher than lower altitudes. • latitude: ecosystems are more complex in equatorial regions than in higher latitudes (poles) • scale: the greater the sample the better interpretability. • spatial: • aggregated or clump d.: individuals form one or more clumps, attracted to areas with the greatest availability of food or shelter and avoiding less hospitable terrain. • random d.: individual spacing would be determined by chance. • regular or uniform spacing d.: individuals may also be drawn together by some social interaction, such as mating or parental care. in other cases, antagonistic interactions between individuals or scarce d. over time: • habitat: (see there). • succession (see there).
- The transport of low voltage electricity. this connects the transmission network with the majority of electricity consumers. the process is overseen by a distribution network operator. management of distribution is a natural monopoly due to the economies of scale inherent to it. reeep / sustainable energy regulation network – august 2004 - revised september 2010 4
- The set of values of a variable together with the probabilities (->probability) associated with each. a tabulation of the frequencies of tokens by types.
- The process of managing the flow of goods and services from the producer to the customer.
- Распределение. ранжирование значений переменной от наименьшего до наибольшего и результирующая совокупность характеристик или показателей, выстроенных в виде графика [20]. плотность распределения, например, показывает возможные значения параметра в зависимости от числа появлений каждого значения в выборке или совокупности. во многих случаях это характеризует разброс единичных значений выборки или совокупности вокруг среднего значения.
- The act or process of delivering electric energy from convenient points on the transmission system (usually a substation) to consumers.
- Выплата дивидендов
Electricity, английский
- Электричество
- Energy resulting from the flow of charge particles, such as electrons or ions.
- The movement of electrons (a subatomic particle), produced by a voltage, through a conductor.
- Energy resulting from the flow of charged particles, such as electrons or ions.
- The fl ow of passing charge through a conductor, driven by a difference in voltage between the ends of the conductor. electrical power is generated by work from heat in a gas or steam turbine or from wind, oceans or falling water, or produced directly from sunlight using a photovoltaic device or chemically in a fuel cell. being a current, electricity cannot be stored and requires wires and cables for its transmission (see grid). because electric current fl ows immediately, the demand for electricity must be matched by production in real time.
Neighborhood, английский
Микрорайон, городской квартал; посёлок (где проживают от 500 до 1000 семейств, сша)
Investment, английский
- Инвестиции; капитальные вложения, см. capital investment
- Инвестиция
- The first process of a siege, in taking measures to seize all the avenues, blocking up the garrison, and preventing relief getting into the place before the arrival of the main army with the siege-train.
- Финансирование; капиталовложение; вклад; инвестиция
- The purchase of stocks, bonds, mutual fund shares, real property, an annuity, collectibles, or other assets, with the expectation of obtaining income or capital gains-or both-in the future.
- A discrete asset or group of assets held for future income, appreciation, or both and tracked separately.
- The creation of more money through the use of capital.
- An item of value purchased for income or capital appreciation. capital investments include equipment, pipes and other fixed assets. financial investments include stocks, bonds, and other securities.
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Theory of contestable markets, английский
A theory that holds that potential competition can have an impact on price similar to when there are a large number of firms in the market. even though one or a few suppliers are currently in the market, market power is constrained by the threat of entry—if entry barriers are, indeed, low.
Prudency, английский
A test used by regulators to evaluate the justification for particular corporate activities, used for cost of service and price cap regulation. the test checks whether an investment or outlay is reasonable based on principles of cost minimizing--thus promoting frugal behavior by managers. it should not be an after-the fact evaluation, but one that utilizes the information only available at the time of investment or outlay decisions, including expectations about the future. however, the test does assess what managers should have known and should have considered when they made the decision in question.
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