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Theory of contestable markets
Глоссарий терминов коммунальных услуг |
A theory that holds that potential competition can have an impact on price similar to when there are a large number of firms in the market. even though one or a few suppliers are currently in the market, market power is constrained by the threat of entry—if entry barriers are, indeed, low.
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Теория состязательных рынков, русский
Теория, суть которой заключается в том, что потенциальная конкуренция может оказывать влияние подобное тому, которое оказывает присутствие большого числа компаний на рынке. даже в том случае, когда на рынке действует всего один или несколько поставщиков, рыночная сила ограничена угрозой входа конкурентов – если входные барьеры действительно невысокие.
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Competition, английский
- Struggle among trees and other vegetation, generally for limited nutrients, light, and water present on a site. competition can cause reduced tree growth. severe competition in very dense stands may cause stand stagnation (17).
- Конкуренция в реальной экономике всевозможные сочетания таких факторов, как человеческая изобретательность, высокие таможенные барьеры по отношению к продукции тех или иных отраслей, рост эффективности производства ввиду его крупных масштабов и пр мешают развернуться настоящей конкуренции правительства многих стран признают этот факт и стремятся поддержать конкуренцию посредством антимонопольных законов и политических мер
- Соревнование
- Конкуренция
- Interaction between members of the same population or of two or more populations to obtain a resource that both require and which is available in limited supply, hence, limiting overall fitness (survival, growth, reproduction of an organism). asymmetrical c.: competition between two organisms (or species) in which one is much more severely affected than the other (principle of displacement of the weaker by the stronger organism). exclusion c.: the elimination from an area or habitat of one species by another through interspecific competition. exploitation c.: competition in which any adverse effects on an organism are brought about by reductions in resource levels caused by other competing organisms (on a first come first serve basis). interference c.: competition between two organisms in which one physically excludes the other from a portion of a habitat and hence from the resources that could be exploited there. interspecific c.: competition between individuals for the same limited resources by different species - (exclusion principle of gausse) competing species relying on the same ecological resources cannot exist together. intraspecific c.: competition between individuals for the same limited resources by the same species. symmetrical c.: (see asymmetrical competition).
- Businesses that sell similar products or services and compete for the same customer segment.
- Intra- or intermarket rivalry between or among businesses trying to obtain a larger piece of the same market share.
- Competition tends to come in two varieties: competition among the few (a market with a small number of sellers or buyers, such that each can exercise some degree of market power) and competition among the many (perfect competition - a market with so many buyers and sellers that none is able to influence the market price or quantity exchanged).
- There are two types of competition:
Constrained, английский
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Ratioanalysis, английский
A tool for analyzing the financial performance of a company by calculating ratios from their published accounts, including consideration of profitability and short- and long-term liquidity.
Used and useful, английский
A test used by regulators to evaluate the justification for particular corporate investments, used for cost of service and price cap regulation. the test checks whether a plant or piece of equipment is actually being utilized to provide service, and that it is contributing to the provision of the service. for example, if a company has excessive numbers of distribution lines carrying electricity to a neighborhood, the regulatory authority may disallow some of the investment because even though the lines carry electricity (are “used”), they are not needed, so they are not “useful.” see prudency.
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