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Self-selection
| Glossary of Statistical Terms |
- Self-selection occurs when individuals decide for themselves whether they are in the control group or the treatment group. self-selection is quite common in studies of human behavior. for example, studies of the effect of smoking on human health involve self-selection: individuals choose for themselves whether or not to smoke. self-selection precludes an experiment; it results in an observational study. when there is self-selection, one must be wary of possible confounding from factors that influence individuals` decisions to belong to the treatment group.
- Consequence of a contract that induces only one group to participate.
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Themselves, английский
Experiment, английский
- What distinguishes an experiment from an observational study is that in an experiment, the experimenter decides who receives the treatment.
- Эксперимент
- A scientific test conducted under set conditions the scientists did some experiments to try the new drug on a small sample of people.
- N экспе- римент (см. тж. test) associative ~ псхлнгв. ассоциативный экспе- римент psycholinguistic ~ психолингвистический экс- перимент
- Эксперимент; опыт, опытное исследование
Observational, английский
N наблюдатель- ный adequacy
Confounding, английский
When the differences between the treatment and control groups other than the treatment produce differences in response that are not distinguishable from the effect of the treatment, those differences between the groups are said to be confounded with the effect of the treatment (if any). for example, prominent statisticians questioned whether differences between individuals that led some to smoke and others not to (rather than the act of smoking itself) were responsible for the observed difference in the frequencies with which smokers and non-smokers contract various illnesses. if that were the case, those factors would be confounded with the effect of smoking. confounding is quite likely to affect observational studies and experiments that are not randomized. confounding tends to be decreased by randomization. see also simpson`s paradox.
Consequence, английский
- The outcome of an event expressed qualitatively or quantitatively, being a loss, injury, disadvantage or gain. there may be a range of possible outcomes associated with an event.
- Следствие
- The outcome of an event in terms of damage to the health of people, to property or to the environment.
Participate, английский
Individual, английский
Физическое лицо
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Member of a set, английский
Something is a member (or element) of a set if it is one of the things in the set.
Real number, английский
- Loosely speaking, the real numbers are all numbers that can be represented as fractions (rational numbers), whether proper or improper—and all numbers in between the rational numbers. that is, the real numbers comprise the rational numbers and all limits of cauchy sequences of rational numbers, where the cauchy sequence is with respect to the absolute value metric. (more formally, the real numbers are the completion of the set of rational numbers in the topology induced by the absolute value function.) the real numbers contain all integers, all fractions, and all irrational (and transcendental) numbers, such as π, e, and 2½. there are uncountably many real numbers between 0 and 1; in contrast, there are only countably many rational numbers between 0 and 1.
- A data type, in a programming language such as pascal, that is used for storing, to some limit of precision, values that include both integer and fractional parts.
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