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Contrast sensitivity
| Глоссарий терминов и сокращений по оптическим линзам |
- The ability to perceive differences between an object and its background.
- The ability to detect the presence of differences in luminance; the reciprocal of the contrast threshold. contrast threshold 1. the minimum perceptible contrast for a given state of adaptation of the eye. 2. the luminance contrast which can barely be detected by an observer.
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Contrast, английский
- The difference in intensity between the darkest and the brightest parts of an image.
- The level of variation between light and dark areas in an image.
- Контраст
- The range of light to dark values in a picture or the ratio between the maximum and minimum brightness values.
- A common term used in reference to the video picture dynamic range, i.e., the
- Контраст; контрастный
- A measure of rate of change of brightness in an image.
- A common term used in reference to the video picture dynamic range, i.e., the difference between the darkest and the brightest parts of an image.
- The apparent difference in perceived brightness between two areas within the field of view. = (bmax - bmin)/bmax bmax = maximum brightness bmin = minimum brightness
- The difference between one tone and another or between the darkest and lightest parts of a scene or processed film. high contrast involves not only an extreme brightness ratio but also few gray tones. low contrast has an expanded range of intermediate tones with limited pure blacks and whites. tip: what is too contrasty for one medium or emulsion may not be so for another. see: brightness ratio; and fall-off (on a surface).
- The relationship between the lightest and darkest areas in a scene and/or photograph. a small difference means low contrast; a great difference high contrast. high contrast scenes usually cause the most exposure problems; however, their difficulty can mean they hold the potential for more expression. though contrast is often linked with scene brightness, there can be low contrast in a bright scene and high contrast in dim light. contrast can also describe attributes of color, composition, and inherent qualities of film.
- The measure of rate of change of brightness in an image.
- N противопоставление linguistics direct ~ прямое противопоставление indirect ~ косвенное противопоставление minimal ~ минимальное противопоставление non-minimal ~ неминимальное противопос- тавление contrastive a 1 контрастивный, контрастный; 2 сопоставительный analysis, distribution, linguistics, pair, phonology, semantics contrastive-typological a сопоставительно- типологический analysis сontronym см. contranym
- The degree of difference between light and dark extremes of color on a monitor, device screen, or printed output, or between the darkest and lightest areas in a photo. the greater the difference, the higher the contrast.
- An indication of the difference between the thicker and thinner parts of characters in a typeface.
- Visible differences between parts of a microscopic specimen
- Comparison of two or more colors in such a way that enables them to be differentiated. color theorist johannes itten [learn more about his theories here and here] was one of the first to define the contrasting properties of color. itten noted seven types of color contrast:
- (1) difference in color or brightness between a test indication and its background or surroundings. (2) in film radiologic testing, the difference in film blackening or density observed from one area to another and resulting from various radiation intensities transmitted by the object. contrast, subject: ratio of radiation intensities transmitted by selected portions of object being radiographed.
- (1) разница в цвете или яркости между индикатором испытания и его фоном или окружением. (2) при радиологических испытаниях пленки - разница в почернении или плотности пленки, наблюдаемая на разных участках и возникающая в результате различной интенсивности излучения, передаваемого объектом. контраст, предмет: соотношение интенсивностей излучения, передаваемого выбранными частями рентгенографируемого объекта.
- Difference in color or brightness between a test indication and background.
- Difference between the amount of light reflected or transmitted by an object and by the background in the field of view. 306 visual testing
- Difference in visibility (brightness, color or temperature) between an indication and the surrounding surface.1
- (1) difference in color or brightness between a test indication and background. (2) difference between the amount of light reflected or transmitted by an object and by the background in the field of view.
- Difference in color or brightness between indication and background.
Contrast (mt, pt, rt), английский
The difference in visibility between an indication and the surrounding surface.
Contrast (viewing) glass, английский
A filter that darkens the scene to help the new and old pro evaluate contrast and shadow areas.
Contrast (контраст), английский
Общий термин, используемый в отношении динамического диапазона видеоизображения, то есть разница между самыми темными и самыми светлыми участками изображения.
Contrast adjusting, английский
Корректировка контрастности
Contrast agent, английский
Contrast agent (rt), английский
Any suitable substance, solid, liquid, or gas, applied to a material being radiographed, to enhance its contrast in total or in part.
Contrast compression, английский
Contrast control, английский
- The control on a monitor used to change the contrast by varying the amplitude of the video signal.
- Регулировка контрастности contrast-equalizing tool инструмент "автоматическое выравнивание контрастности"
Contrast crushing, английский
Contrast enhancement, английский
The general function of a f2 layer in an art network. the most common version is a winner-take-all function. see also: art, ftp:://ftp.sas.com/pub/neural/faq2.html, http://www.wi.leidenuniv.nl/art/.
Contrast filter, английский
Фильтр контраста
Contrast grade, английский
In black and white printing, an indication of the contrast rendition the paper will yield. #0 and #1 are low contrast; #4 and #5 are high contrast. the "normal" contrast grade is #2.
Contrast image, английский
Контрастное изображение
Contrast medium, английский
A radio-opaque dye, or sometimes gas, put into an organ or part of the body so that it will show clearly in an x-ray photograph in an mri scan no contrast medium is required; in a cat scan iodine-based contrast media are often required.
Contrast of extension, английский
Involves the relative areas of two or more color patches. it is the contrast between much and little, or great and small..
Contrast of flaw indications, английский
Contrast of fringes, английский
Contrast of hologram fringes, английский
Contrast of hue, английский
Is the contrast between two or more colors. the idea is best illustrated by pure hues in their most intense luminosity. these hues would red/yellow/blue or cyan/magenta/yellow in the subtractive color model or red/green/blue (rgb) in the additive color model. the pure primary colors have the highest contrast. for examples the primaries of red/yellow/blue have greater contrast than the secondaries hues of green/orange/violet, which are less pure. the contrast is lower still between the tertiary colors. the complementary pairs of a primary or secondary color are in higher contrast than a complementary pair of tertiary colors.
Contrast of reconstructed image, английский
Differences, английский
Цифровой избирательный вызов, цив - технология радиосвязи, при которой предварительное согласование канала вызова другого судна осуществляется не широковещательно на голосовом канале, а на отдельном цифровом канале. после согласования рабочего канал
Background, английский
- Фон
- The surface area against which the pattern is contrasted. the surface area of
- The portion of a scene that sits behind the main, foreground subject. the background can be made sharp or unsharp through the use of selective focusing techniques and depth of field manipulation.
- A фоновый; внеязыко- вой knowledge
- Sound or noise that interferes with radio or sonar reception.
- Фон, задний план о ~ for
- A page that you can assign to another page to create multiple layers in a drawing.
- In a graphical user interface such as windows, a pattern or picture in the screen background that can be chosen by the user.
- The area on a card that allows a user to make the card’s image a background when clicked on.
- The area that appears behind the tiles on the start screen.
- The color or image that appears behind the content of a visual element, for example, behind the text that is displayed in a textbox control or on your graphical user interface.
- The image that appears in the conversation window.
- The picture that appears in the photos hub.
- Formations on or signals from a test object that constitute the background to a discontinuity. the higher the level of background noise, the more difficult it is to distinguish a discontinuity. background signals may arise from visual, acoustic, chemical, electrical, or radiation sources that the sensor responds to. see also sensitivity; signal-to-noise ratio.
- Formations on or signals from a test object that constitutes the background to a discontinuity. the higher the level of background noise, the more difficult it is to distinguish a discontinuity. background signals may arise from visual, acoustic, chemical, electrical or radiation sources that the sensor responds to. see also neural acuity; sensitivity; signal-to-noise ratio.
- Formations on, or signals from, a test object that constitute the background to a discontinuity. the higher the level of background noise, the more difficult it is to distinguish a discontinuity. see also background fluorescence; neural acuity; sensitivity; signal-to-noise ratio. glossary b 491
- In magnetic particle testing, the appearance or brightness of the surrounding area acting to reduce the contrast of an indication. (2) nonrelevant signal that tends to interfere with the normal reception or interpretation of the target being sought.
Reciprocal, английский
- Эквивалентный; обратная величина; возвратный; взаимообратный
- A взаимный pronoun
- A course or bearing 180° opposed to the one specified or being followed.
Perceptible, английский
A воспринимаемый (ант. non-perceptible)
Adaptation, английский
- Адаптация; самонастройка; самоприспосабливание
- Адаптация (приспособление организма к изменившимся условиям среды, питательным и токсичным веществам)
- 1. a change which has been or can be made to something 2. the act of changing something so that it fits a new situation 3. the process by which sensory receptors become accustomed to a sensation which is repeated add add abbr attention deficit disorder
- Адаптация
- N адаптация14 (тж. adaption, см. тж. adoption) theory
- Адаптация; приспособление
- 1) characteristics of organisms evolved as a consequence of natural selection; 2) changes in the form or behavior of an organism during life as a response to environmental stimuli; 3) changes in the excitability of a sense organ as a result of continuos stimulation.
- Stability of success in the face of a changing environment. two kinds of adaptation are distinguished. (a) darwinian adaptation after darwin who observed how organisms change their internal structure when their environment makes existing forms no longer viable. e.g., ashby`s homeostat searches for a new pattern of behavior as soon as disturbances in its surroundings drive or threaten to drive its essential variables outside specified limits. (b) singerian adaptation after singer who described how organisms, particularly man, change the nature of their environment so as to eliminate threats to or prevent the destruction of their own internal organization. e.g., agriculture, architecture and technology adapt the physical environment to human-social needs. the difference between "adaptive" and "adapting" behavior (steg) also reflects this distinction. adaptation can occur in several levels of an organiz~tional hierarchy and may even apply to itself as in "amplifying adaptation" (ashby) which is "adaptation to adapt" and has the properties of self-organization.
- Initiatives and measures to reduce the vulnerability or increase the resilience of natural and human systems to actual or expected climate change impacts. various types of adaptation exist, for example, anticipatory and reactive, private and public, and autonomous and planned. examples are raising river or coastal dikes, retreating from coastal areas subject to fl ooding from sea level rise or introducing alternative temperature-appropriate or drought-adapted crops for conventional ones.
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Corneal abrasion, английский
- A cut or scratch on the cornea.
- A scratch on the cornea, caused by something sharp getting into the eye
Compensated curve, английский
A curve computed to attain a desired vertex power considering the thickness factor. computer vision syndrome (cvs) – the complex of eye and vision problems related to near work that are experienced during or related to computer use. its symptoms include eyestrain, dry or burning eyes, blurred vision, headaches, double vision, distorted color vision, and neck and back aches.
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