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Equivocation
| Глоссарий по криптовалютам и блокчейну |
- A validator sending two messages that contradict each other, or more precisely a validator sending two messages that a validator running the correct algorithm could only send if it sends one message, "rewinds" its internal state to some point before sending that message, then at some future point in time sends the other message. one simple example is a transaction sender sending two transactions with the same nonce.
- Неопределенность
- The reducti.on of variety in a communication channel by classification, simplification, generalization or condensation of the signals or messages sent. equivocation occurs when different signals are no longer differentiated by the receiver. information theory quantitatively decomposes the sender`s statistical entropy into a quantity of transmitted information and the quantity of equivocation. equivocation is the logical complement of noise and undesirable from the sender`s perspective.
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Contradict, английский
Противоречить
Transaction, английский
- Любое событие в результате которого происходит изменение финансовой позиции организации в ходе её обычной работы. примером транзакции является осуществление покупки с помощью кредитной карты.
- (транзакция) соглашение между покупателем и продавцом, для продажи актива;
- Операция открытия/закрытия позиции.
- Экономическая операция (в снс; элементарный акт хозяйственной деятельности, совершаемый между хозяйственными единицами: производство, капиталовложения, потребление и др.; операции могут быть односторонними и двусторонними, капитальными и текущими, товарными и нетоварными, фактическими и условными, расчетными)
- A transaction is a digitally signed message authorizing some particular action associated with the blockchain. in a currency, the dominant transaction type is sending currency units or tokens to someone else; in other systems actions like registering domain names, making and fulfilling trade offers and entering into contracts are also valid transaction types.
- A data manipulation action processed by a database.
- A physical economic exchange action.
- A social economic exchange action.
- An event or condition that is recorded in asset, liability, expense, revenue, and/or equity accounts. sales to customers or purchases from vendors are examples of transactions.
- The pairing of two or more actions that are performed together as a single action; the action succeeds or fails as a whole.
- The posting or registration of a change on a document or a journal line.
- The delivery of a security by a seller and its acceptance by the buyer.
- Операция
- Language use to achieve ends rather than maintain social relationships.
- Information that entrance transfers to another computer system, either directly (via dll or other interface) or by saving it in a transfer file.
Transactions, английский
Операции (в снс; понятия, относящиеся к реализации товаров и услуг экономическими единицами, получающими за это определенную компенсацию; по характеру объектов подразделяются на текущие, т. е. предназначенные для немедленного использования или потребления, и капитальные операции, т. е. по увеличению национального богатства)
Неопределенность, русский
- Недостаточная точность в оценке и предсказании выходных значений некоторых процессов
- Свойство интерпретации выражений, когда им приписываются оценки правдоподобия, отличные от абсолютной истины и лжи. работа с такими выражениями требует специальных средств пересчета оценок правдоподобия. при логическом выводе, когда имеется неопределенность, используются либо многозначные логики, либо правдоподобные рассуждения.
Communication, английский
- Связь; связной
- (кан.) решение экспертизы
- N коммуни- кация; процесс передачи информации; mis~ недопонимание, непонимание | attr. комму- никативный disorder, impairment, strategy cross-cultural (intercultural) ~ межкультурная коммуникация non-verbal ~ невербальная, неречевая комму- никация verbal ~ вербальная, речевая коммуникация
- Передача (распространение) информации процесс информирования населения.
- Corresponding by letter, hail, or signal. (see line of communication and boyaux.)
- Loosely, the transmission of structure across systems differentiated in time and in space, the process by which one mind affects another, interaction mediated by signals, symbols or messages. more formally and in cybernetics, communication is that construct an observer requires when he cannot take a dynamic system apart without loss (->ana~ysis), yet wants to distinguish, understand and say something about that system`s parts, variables or members, or alternatively, when he wants to explain the behavior of anyone of its parts yet cannot accomplish this adequately without reference to other parts of the system. communication ~s what integrates and distinguishes the participation of individuals in such wholes as groups, communities, societies. a more detailed analysis of communication processes reveals that they involve patterns that convey information, are subjected to numerous constraints and are describable in terms of transformations, including encoding, decoding, (->coding), transmission, and distortions due to the characteristics of a channel. historically, communication. was thought of as a binary relation between a sender and a receiver. modern conceptions of communication include complex networks possibly with feedback loops having the effect of memory, coordination, and coorientation and exhibiting dynamic properties not manifest in, and explainable by, reference to the properties of the.communicators involved (->constructivism). communications (plural
Classification, английский
- Assigning data (i e , cases or observations) cases to one of a fixed number of possible classes (represented by a nominal output variable)
- Классификация; систематизация; засекречивание
- Классификация (упорядоченная группировка явлений и объектов; может утверждаться в качестве стандарта, в том числе национального или международного), см. nomenclature
- The work of putting references or components into order so as to be able to refer to them again and identify them easily the abo classification of blood
- Классификация
- N классификация language typological ~ типологическая классификация classificatory a классификационный matrix classifying a классифицирующий article
- The placement of an item under the correct number in the customs tariff for duty purposes. at times this procedure becomes highly complicated; it is not uncommon for importers to resort to litigation over the correct duty to be assessed by the customs on a given item
- Классификация; категоризация; сортировка
- The process of assigning a set of records from a database (observations in a dataset) into (usually) one of ``small" number of pre-specified disjoint categories. related techniques include regression, which predicts a range of values and clustering, which (typically) allows the categories to form themselves. the classification can be "fuzzy" in several senses of the word. in usual sense, the classification technique can allow a single record to belong to multiple (disjoint) categories with a probability (estimated) of being in each class. the categories can also overlap when they are developed either through a hierarchical model or through an agglomerative technique. finally, the classification can be fuzzy in the sense of using "fuzzy logic" techniques. see also: clustering, fuzzy logic, regression. classification and regression trees (cart) classification and regression trees (cart) is a particular form of decision tree used in data mining and statistics.
- Классификация. для порошков (пыли)—разделение образца на фракции по размеру, форме и плотности частиц с помощью жидкости; основано, например, на различной скорости оседания фракций в жидкости или на разном поведении частиц в потоке жидкости.
- A systematic organization of classes.
- The placement of an incident into a hierarchy of descriptors that indicate what the incident is generally about. for example, an incident could be classified as being related to software, and then to microsoft, and then to word 2003.
- The type of updates that sce downloads from microsoft update during synchronization.
- An offender is classified for a particular security level and housed in an appropriate facility based on assessment of their crime, security risk and prison behavior.
- A code which provides a method for categorizing the invention.
- The code for a specific type of complementary work or variation.
- Классификация, номенклатура
Simplification, английский
- Упрощение
- N упрощение cluster simulfix n симульфикс4 3 теория, основанная на рассмотрении любых языков как знаковых систем; изучает речевой акт как психическое действие, а язык как дей- ствие. 4 замена одной или более фонем в корне или основе слова: man – men. simulfixation 82 sound simulfixation n симульфиксация1 (см. тж. simulfix)
- A form of standardization that reduces the number of types, sizes, capacities, or shapes of products, materials, and packages within a definite range to a number which ,is adequate to meet prevailing needs. (eipsc)
Generalization, английский
- N амер. ге- нерализация, абстрактизация, расширение; обобщение; over~ сверхгенерализация
- Обобщение
- Inferring general principles from recurring events. so if we see x at the bus stop every tuesday, we generalize that he is always there at that time. of course, one day he isn’t….
- An objective conclusion
- An objective conclusion a perception based on observations (for example, “americans are usually friendly”). different from a stereotype (for example, “all americans are friendly”)
Condensation, английский
- Beads or drops of water (and frequently frost in extremely cold weather) that accumulate on the inside of the exterior covering of a building. use of louvers or attic ventilators will reduce moisture condensation in attics. a vapor barrier under the gypsu
- Excessive water vapor formed at low combustion gas temperatures.
- The change of state of water from the vapor to the liquid phase. results in liberation of 80 calories per cubic centimeter.
- Уплотнение; сжатие
- Конденсация drop ~ капельная конденсация
- When water vapour becomes a liquid.
- Конденсация. переход вещества из парообразного в жидкое состояние, обычно в результате охлаждения. этот термин также применяется для обозначения химической реакции, в ходе которой два вещества соединяются с выделением воды или простого спирта.
Differentiated, английский
Information, английский
- Knowledge of a particular event or situation, or knowledge communicated or received concerning a particular fact.
- Информация
- Facts about something have you any information about the treatment of sunburn? the police won’t give us any information about how the accident happened. you haven’t given me enough information about when your symptoms started. that’s a very useful piece or bit of information. (note: no plural: some information; a piece of information.)
- N информация | attr. информационный flow, structure source of ~ источник информации 1 ранее использовался в более широком значении как ‘умозаключе- ние’. 2 получение выводных данных в процессе обработки информации и/или языка и само выводное знание, умозаключение; мыслительная операция, в ходе которой человек выходит за пределы данных в тек- сте сведений и получает новую информацию. 3 аффикс, вставляемый внутрь корня слова при словообразовании или словоизменении.
- In admiralty courts, implies a clause introduced into a citation, intimating that in the event of a party cited not appearing, the court will proceed in his absence.
- Информация; данные; сведения
- Координационный комитет ин4юрмации о проектируемых и возводимых объектах строительства
- Literally that which forms within, but more adequately
- Data that has been recorded, classified, organized, related or interpreted so that meaning is apparent.
- Contextualised data providing answer to a certain question decreasing uncertainty.
- Информация, сведения
Statistical, английский
Complement, английский
- The complement of a subset of a given set is the collection of all elements of the set that are not elements of the subset.
- Дополнение
- Штат личного состава; комплект; состав; дополнение
- The number of persons in a ship`s crew, including officers.
- The number of officers and crew employed upon a vessel for its safe navigation and operation.
- / k?mpl?m?nt/ a substance which forms part of blood plasma and is essential to the work of antibodies and antigens verb / k?mpl?ment/ to complete something by providing useful or pleasing qualities which it does not itself have
- N дополнение; ком- племент1 phrase direct ~ прямое дополнение verbal ~ глагольное дополнение verb(al) phrase ~ дополнение глагольной со- ставляющей
- The proper number of men employed in any ship, either for navigation or battle. in navigation the complement of the course is what it wants of eight points; of latitude, what it is short of 90°. ( see co-latitude.)
- [1] the number of officers and crew required for safe operation and navigation of a merchantman. [2] the number of officers and ratings/enlisted required and authorized to form a warship’s company at full operational readiness.
- Дополнение; дополнительный код
- The color positioned directly across the color wheel from any color. each hue on the wheel has only one complement, which is also called its direct complement.
Undesirable, английский
Perspective, английский
- A point of view or standpoint from which historical events, problems and issues can be analysed, eg a gender perspective (either masculine or feminine) on the past
- N перспектива sentence ~ сила (перспектива) предложения functional ~ ~ актуальное членение пред- ложения; коммуникативная (информаци- онная) структура предложения, тема- рематическая структура
- The old term for a hand telescope. also, the science by which objects are delineated according to their natural appearance and situation.
- Перспектива
- A user-defined subset of a cube, whereas a view is a user-defined subset of tables and columns in a relational database.
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Externally owned account, английский
An account controlled by a private key. externally owned accounts cannot contain evm code.
Invalidity fault, английский
A validator sending a message that a computer running the correct algorithm could not possibly send, unless its internal state is manipulated with in some way other than rewinding.
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