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Oceanic sound channel
| Морской словарь |
Sounds in the sea can often be “trapped” within this channel, which is caused by temperature and pressure differences that allow low-frequency acoustic waves to travel long distances without significant loss of energy. descending through the epilimnion, temperature drops and the speed of sound decreases until—at the bottom of the thermocline—both speed and temperature reach their minimums. this is the axis of the sound channel. below this level, in the hypolimnion, temperature remains constant, but pressure increases, causing the speed of sound to rise again. because acoustic waves tend to refract towards the area of minimum speed, a wave will be confined within the sound channel, bending alternately up and down as it travels. obstacle 224 trench name fathoms meters feet izu bonin 5,348 9,780 32,086 kermadec 5,494 10,047 32,962 philippine 5,740 10,497 34,438 kurile 5,764 10,542 34,586 tonga 5,950 10,882 35,702 marianas 5,973 10,924 35,839 the channel lies between 330 and 660 fathoms (600–1200 feet) below the surface, being deepest near the tropics and moving closer to the surface at high latitudes. by placing hydrophones on the axis of the channel it is possible to detect whale calls, seismic activity, propeller signatures, and other human-made noises from far away, sometimes across entire ocean basins. this is the principle behind the sound fixing and ranging and sound surveillance systems. see also ocean acoustics.
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Temperature, английский
- Température
- Dry-bulb - temperature of air as indicated by a standard thermometer.
- An expression of thermal energy density. how hot or cold an object is.
- The measure of the intensity of heat that a substance possesses.
- Температура
- Температура тмр test methods and procedures методы проведения испытаний и последовательность их проведения тмр theodolite measuring point кинотеодолитная станция
- Temperatura, fiebre
- The condition attained when the wetted wick of a wet-bulb thermometer has reached a stable and constant temperature when exposed to moving air in excess of 900 ft (274.3 m) per minute.
- 1. the heat of the body or of the surrounding air, measured in degrees the doctor asked the nurse what the patient’s temperature was. his temperature was slightly above normal. the thermometer showed a temperature of 99°f. to take a patient’s temperature to insert a thermometer in someone’s body to see what his or her body temperature is they took his temperature every four hours. when her temperature was taken this morning, it was normal. 2. illness when your body is hotter than normal he’s in bed with a temperature. her mother says she’s got a temperature, and can’t come to work. comment: the average body temperature is about 37° celsius or 98° fahrenheit. this temperature may vary during the day, and can rise if a person has taken a hot bath or had a hot drink. if the environmental temperature is high, the body has to sweat to reduce the heat gained from the air around it. if the outside temperature is low, the body shivers, because rapid movement of the muscles generates heat. a fever will cause the body temperature to rise sharply, to 40°c (103°f) or more. hypothermia exists when the body temperature falls below about 35°c (95°f).
- Повышение температуры бетона ~ of truss высота фермы jet ~ высота подъёма горизонтальной неизотермической приточной струи, «всплывающей» над приточным отверстием
- Температура ~ of adiabatic saturation температура адиабатического насыщения
- Normal adult temperature varies among horses, but will usually range in degrees from 99.5°f to 100.5°f.
- A measure of the average kinetic energy of a material. the standard unit of temperature is a kelvin, (k). temperature determines the direction of heat flow between any two systems in thermal contact. heat will always flow from the area of higher temperature (t source) to one of lower temperature (t sink). temperature gradient (?t)
- A measure of the degree of molecular motion of a material compared to a reference point. temperature is measured in degrees farenheit (melting point of ice = 32 º f, boiling point of water = 212 º f) or degrees celsius (melting point of ice = 0 º c, boiling point of water = 100 º c).
- The degree of sensible heat of a body as measured by a thermometer or similar instrument.
- Measure of the intensity of particle motion in degrees celsius (°c) or degrees fahrenheit (°f) or, in the absolute scale, kelvin (k), where the increment of 1 k = 1 °c = 1.8 °f.
- Temperature of surrounding atmosphere. also called dry bulb temperature. compare standard atmospheric conditions. ampere (a): si unit of electric current. ampere per meter (a·m–1): si derived unit of magnetic field intensity. the measurement 1 a·m–1, for example, describes a current of 1 a flowing through a coil that is 1 m in diameter. compare oersted. ampere turn (at): in magnetic particle testing, unit for expressing the magnetomotive force required for magnetization using a coil in terms of the product of the number of coil turns and the current in amperes flowing through the coil. amplitude, echo: in ultrasonic testing, the vertical height of a received signal on an a-scan, measured from base to peak for a video presentation or from peak to peak for a radio frequency presentation.
- Measure of the intensity of particle motion in degrees celsius (°c), degrees fahrenheit (°f) or, in the absolute scale, kelvin (k) or degrees rankine (°r). an increment of 1 k = 1 °c = 1.8 °r = 1.8 °f. compare heat.
Differences, английский
Цифровой избирательный вызов, цив - технология радиосвязи, при которой предварительное согласование канала вызова другого судна осуществляется не широковещательно на голосовом канале, а на отдельном цифровом канале. после согласования рабочего канал
Significant, английский
- Значительный
- A значимый (о суффиксе и т.п. ) (ант. non-significant) | n означающее, сигнификант
Descending, английский
- Нисходящий; снижающийся
- В порядке убывания
Epilimnion, английский
Thermocline, английский
A transition layer of varying thickness forming a temperature gradient between the relatively warm epilimnion (mixed or surface layer) and the much colder hypolimnion (deep water layer). the thermocline varies with latitude and season, being permanent in the tropics and almost absent at the poles.
Hypolimnion, английский
The lowest of three layers of sea water. see deep water layer.
Philippine, английский
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Oceanic trench, английский
A long, narrow depression of the sea floor. the scale of oceanic trenches is hemispheric and they are also the deepest parts of the ocean floor. they define one of the most important natural boundaries on the earth, that between two lithospheric plates. a trench marks the position at which one lithospheric slab begins to descend beneath another. oceanic plates, being made of denser material, sink more readily than continental plates. oceanic lithosphere disappears into trenches at a global rate of about a tenth of a square meter per second. see also oceanic deeps and ring of fire.
5,000 fathoms (9,144 meters, английский
30,000 feet). this depth can be compared to the height of mount everest, the highest point on earth, whose summit is 8,848 meters (29,029 ft) above sea level. these six are: the hydrostatic pressure at such depths is in the order of 16,000 pounds per square inch (1,125 kg/m2).
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