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Neural noise
| Глоссарий терминов по акустике |
Шум нейросенсорного происхождения
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Neural acuity, английский
- Ability of the eye and brain together to discriminate patterns from background. discrimination is influenced by knowledge of the target pattern, by the scanning technique, and by an indication’s relationship of figure to ground.
- Ability of the eye and brain together to discriminate patterns from background. discrimination is influenced by knowledge of the target pattern, by the scanning technique and by the figure-to-ground relationship of a discontinuity. the figure/ground relationship can be referred to as having a level of visual background noise.
- Ability of the eye and brain together to discriminate patterns from background. discrimination is influenced by knowledge of the target pattern, by the scanning technique and by the figure-to-ground relationship of a discontinuity. the figure/ground relationship can be described as having a level of visual background noise. compare vision acuity. see also visual perception.
Neural arch, английский
A curved part of a vertebra, which forms the space through which the spinal cord passes
Neural crest, английский
The ridge of cells in an embryo which forms nerve cells of the sensory and autonomic ganglia
Neural file format;, русский
Neural groove, английский
A groove on the back of an embryo formed as the neural plate closes to form the neural tube
Neural net mechanism, английский
Механизм работы нейронной сети
Neural net product, английский
Программный продукт, использующий принципы нейронных сетей neural-net technology технология нейронных сетей
Neural net programs, английский
There are a large number of freeware, shareware, and commercial neural net packages available. many of can be downloaded over the internet. a large listing is maintained in the sarle97 reference.
Neural nets, английский
Models which mimic the massive parallel processing that occurs in the brain.
Neural network, английский
- Нейронная сеть
- See: artificial neural network.
- Сеть примитивных обрабатывающих элементов, соединенных взвешенными связями с регулируемыми весами, в которой каждый элемент производит значение, применяя нелинейную функцию к своим входным значениям, и передает его другим элементам или представляет его как выходное значение.
Neural plate, английский
A thickening of an embryonic disc which folds over to form the neural tube
Neural tube, английский
A tube lined with ectodermal cells running the length of an embryo, which develops into the brain and spinal cord
Neural tube defect, английский
A congenital anomaly which occurs when the edges of the neural tube do not close up properly while the fetus develops in the uterus, e.g. spina bifida (note: there is less risk of a neural tube defect if the mother takes folic acid during her pregnancy.) 263 neurological assessment
Neural tube defects, английский
Defecto del tubo neural
Neural webs, английский
Neuralgia, английский
A spasm of pain which runs along a nerve
Neuralgia, финский
Neuralgia, испанский
Noise, английский
- An unwanted signal produced by all electrical circuits working above the absolute zero. noise cannot be eliminated but only minimised.
- Шум при сканировании с случайно расположенные неверно читаемые пикселы изображения
- The random fluctuations that are always associated with a measurement that is repeated many times over. these fluctuations do not represent any real sources of infrared radiation of target, but rather are caused by the imperfections of the system.
- The word "noise" originated in audio practice and refers to random spurts of electrical energy or interference. in some cases, it will produce a "salt-and-pepper" pattern over the televised picture. heavy noise is sometimes referred to as "snow".
- An unwanted signal produced by all electrical circuits working above the absolute zero.
- Pixels in your digital image that were misinterpreted. usually occurs when you shoot a long exposure (beyond 1/2-second) or when you use the higher iso values from 400 or above. it appears as random groups of red, green or blue pixels.
- An unwanted signal produced by all electrical circuits working above the absolute zero. cannot be eliminated but only minimized.
- In a cable or circuit, any extraneous signal that tends to interfere with the signal normally present in or passing through the system
- Unwanted minor currents or voltages in an electrical system.
- A common bugaboo of digital photography, noise is the appearance of color artifacts in a digital image. mostly noticeable in the shadow areas of images captured at higher iso ratings, the image processors used in many current digital cameras utilize noise-suppression software to minimize the appearance of noise artifacts. heat build-up due to continuous shooting in hot environments can also cause noise artifacts within digital images. noise is considered the digital version of grain in film negatives.
- 1) an undesired disturbance within the frequency band of interest; the summation of unwanted or disturbing energy introduced into a communications system from man-made and natural sources. 2) a disturbance that affects a signal and that may distort the information carried by the signal. 3) random variations of one or more characteristics of any entity such as voltage, current, or data.
- Relates to pixels in your image that were misinterpreted. normally occurs when you shoot a long exposure (beyond 1/2-second) or when you use the higher iso values from 400 or above. it appears as random groups of red, green or blue pixels. programs such as neat image can remove most noise from an image.
- Шум
- Any sound which is unwanted because it is annoying, interferes with speech and hearing, or is intense enough to damage hearing.
- Помеха
- N шум white ~ когн. белый шум nom n ном
- Unwanted interference of a radio signal. non-commissioned: the term is self-explanatory, and refers to enlisted personnel and ratings. non-commissioned officer: an enlisted member of an armed force who has been given junior command authority by a commissioned officer. in the united states and british armies, air forces and marines, all ranks of sergeant and corporal are termed ncos, as are all ranks of petty officer in the united states navy and coast guard. the royal navy, however, does not refer to its petty officers as ncos, but calls them senior ratings (or senior rates). non-executive: see specialist officers. non-judicial punishment: commanding officers in both the rn and usn may, in addition to, or in lieu of, admonition, caution, or reprimand, may within specified limits impose one or more of the following disciplinary punishments for minor offenses, committed by officers or enlisted ratings: • restriction to specified limits. • suspension from duty. • extra duties or fatigues. • arrest in quarters. • confinement in correctional custody. • forfeiture of pay. • reduction of rate or pay grade. • diminished rations, or bread and water diet. in virtually all cases, the accused has the right to demand court-martial in lieu of summary punishment. see also captain’s mast, non-punitive disciplinary action, and uniform code of military justice. non-naval flogging: no official restrictions hindered 17th through 19th century merchant masters, whose power was virtually unlimited. alexander pope wrote that a sea captain “possesses more crude, naked power over any one of his seamen than the king over his entire nation.” the cruelty of brutish shipmasters often led merchant seamen to desert and seek gentler employment by volunteering for the navy, or going “on the account.” (pirate articles, which had to be agreed by the crew, usually specified limits to flogging.) the cat-o-nine-tails (known colloquially as “the captain’s daughter”) is featured in one of the bestknown chanteys for hoisting an anchor: what shall we do with a drunken sailor? what shall we do with a drunken sailor? what shall we do with a drunken sailor? err-lie in the morning give ’im a taste of the captain’s daughter! put ’im in bed with the captain’s daughter! marry ’im off to the captain’s daughter! err-lie in the morning wey-hay and up she rises heave-ho and up she rises hoo-ray and up she rises err-lie in the morning but in spite of its fearful reputation and nasty wounds, the rope-based cat was too gentle for some masters. especially sadistic ones might (illegally) order nails, steel balls, or wire barbs to be inserted in the tips of the tails to maximize pain and injury, while others resorted to leather whips or thick wooden birch-rods which were more damaging and painful. in his autobiographical two years before the mast (1840), richard henry dana described a terrible flogging in the brig pilgrim, during which the captain screamed “if you want to know what i flog you for, i’ll tell you. it’s because i like to do it! because i like to do it! it suits me! that’s what i do it for!” nevertheless, in his closing chapter, dana said he doubted the expediency of abolishing flogging altogether. non-punitive disciplinary action: is defined as one or more corrective measures such as counseling, admonition, reprimand, caution, exhortation, disapproval, criticism, censure, reproach, rebuke, extra mil- njp 220 itary instruction, and withholding of privileges [u.s. manual for court martial, rcm 306(c)(2)]. see also captain’s mast, non-judicial punishment, and uniform code of military justice. non-rated: a usn term referring to enlisted personnel in pay grades below petty officer, these are recruit (e-1), apprentice (e-2), and seaman (e-3). see also rank and rate.
- Шум; помехи
- Шум; шумы; помехи
- In general, extraneous information or signals that masks or confuses the target problem.
- Unwanted electrical signals produced by electric motors and other machines that can cause circuits and appliances to malfunction. often caused by cheap inverters without adequate filtering. o
- ; шум. а) любой -неприятный йли`-`нёжелатель`ный звук; б) звук, обычно случайный, спектр которого не содержит компонентов^четко определяемой-частаты.:по, аналогии к.шуму, могут быть отнесены электрическиеч колебания;`нежелательной или случайной природы::(mq,c, :14) :>: многие официальные органы рассматривают-т?перьчщум,..:подпадающий<под 7-1113 ;97
- Unwanted sound, such as hum from the power system or hiss from a tape recorder.
- Unexplained v aria tion in a communica tion chan-nel, random error in the transmission of information. noise is not merely auditory 53 as in the static on radio but may also be visual as in a blurred picture. it may occur in any measurement process where one differentiates between related and unrelated variance, the latter being noise. the analogy between noise and thermodynamic entropy is suggested by the fact that in any communication process, noise can only increase and it does so at the expense of the amount of information transmitted from a sender to one or more receivers. information theory quantitatively decomposes the receivers` statistical entropy into a quantity of transmitted information and the quantity of noise. noise is the logical complement of equivocation and undesirable from the receiver`s perspective. non-deterministic
- Speckles, or groups of black pixels surrounded by white pixels, on a scanned image.
- In electromagnetic testing, any nonrelevant signals that tend to interfere with normal reception or processing of a discontinuity signal of interest. the origin may be an electric or acoustic source, nondetrimental discontinuities, or abrupt changes in the acoustic properties of the test material. see also signaltonoise ratio.
- Component of physical quantity, such as voltage, that provides nonrelevant information. compare signal. nondestructive characterization (ndc): branch of nondestructive testing concerned with the description and prediction of material properties and behaviors of components and systems. nondestructive evaluation (nde): another term for nondestructive testing. in research and academic communities, the word evaluation is often preferred because it emphasizes interpretation by knowledgeable personnel. 506 glossary n-p nondestructive examination (nde): another term for nondestructive testing. in utilities and the nuclear industry, examination is sometimes preferred because testing can imply performance trials of pressure containment or power generation systems. nondestructive inspection (ndi): another term for nondestructive testing. in some industries (utilities, aviation), the word inspection often implies maintenance for a component that has been in service. nondestructive testing (ndt): determination of an object’s physical condition without affecting that object’s ability to fulfill its intended function. nondestructive test methods typically use an appropriate form of energy to determine material properties or to indicate the presence of material discontinuities (surface, internal, or concealed).
- Component of physical quantity, such as voltage, that provides nonrelevant information. compare signal. ? ? d = ? ? ? b = 0 ? ? ? ? h + d = j t ? ? ? ? ? e b = t 384 magnetic testing nondestructive testing (ndt): determination of the physical condition of an object without affecting that object’s ability to fulfill its intended function. nondestructive test methods typically use an appropriate form of energy to determine material properties or to indicate the presence of material discontinuities (surface, internal or concealed).5,6 sometimes called nondestructive evaluation, nondestructive examination or nondestructive inspection.
- Undesired or unintended signals that tend to interfere with normal reception or processing of a desired signal. the origin may be an electric or acoustic source, small discontinuities or abrupt changes in the acoustic properties of the test material.7,22 see also signal-to-noise.
Noise, английский
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Neurosonic surgery, английский
Ультразвуковая нейрохирургия
Negative bottom loss, английский
Отрицательная придонная потеря [резкое падение придонных потерь акустической энергии при определенном настильном угле ]
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