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Mqoel
| Глоссарий по кибернетике |
A system that stands for or represents another typically more comprehensive system. a model consists of a set of objects, described in terms of variables and relations defined on these and either (a) embodies a theory of that portion of reality which it claims to represent or (b) corresponds to a portion of reality by virtue of an explicit homomorhism or isomorphism between the model`s parameters and given data. four kinds of models are distinguished
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Comprehensive, английский
- Полный; исчерпывающий
- Разг. экзамены по всему материалу, пройденному на последнем курсе
Homomorhism, английский
A many-to-one mapping in effect representing (->representation) a pattern in the domain of the mapping by a simpler pattern in its range. the product of applying a homomorphism is called a homomorph. homomorphisms are important in establishing whether one system is a model of another and which properties of the original system the model retains. for each system one can construct a lattice of homomorphic simplifications. the inverse of a homomorphism is not a mapping. 37
Isomorphism, английский
- Изоморфизм
- A one-to-one mapping representing a pattern in the domain of the mapping by another pattern in its range without loss of information. the product of applying an isomorphism is called an isomorph. system that is a model of another by virtue of an isomorphism offers no simplifications. this maybe useful, e.g., when one seeks an electronic substitute for a cognitive process such as the automatic pilot for an airplane. the more common simpler models, from a street map to a simulation of economic processes call for homomorphisms not isomorphisms.
Parameters, английский
Параметры
Correspond, английский
Соответствовать correspondenceсоответствие
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Morphostasis, английский
The process of retaining a structure, organization or form. morphostasis may be actively pursued as in the goal of perfect adaptation or simply characterize a state of structural stability. e.g., in sociology, "efforts to retain the status quo" refers to morphostatic forces which admit only those changes that do not threaten existing structures. similarly, in the regulation of room temperature, the wiring of a thermostat with the furnace remains unaltered while interaction achieves a correlation of heating efforts and external temperature fluctuations (->morphogenesis, ->homeostasis).
Operationalism, английский
A radical empiricist doctrine which insists that all scientific concepts must be defined in terms of actual experimental operations, applicable in a given situation to decide whether an incident of a concept has been observed. so, time might be defined by the clock that measures it, length by the procedures required to reliably establish that number, etc. operations beseabch (in great britian operational research)
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