В глоссарии собраны термины и понятия, которые охватывают следующие вопросы: химическая кинетика процессов горения и взрыва, возникновение и распространение ударных волн, инициирование горения и взрыва, экологические аспекты использования взрывчатых веществ.
| fire intensity | Refers to the heat release rate of a fire. интенсивность огня; |
| chemical sensitization | Sensitization to chemicals can be defined as changes in the organism, usually the immunochemical system, by exposure to a chemical such that further chemical exposure leads to recognition by the o... химическая сенсибилизация; |
| fire extent | Spatial area affected by a wild land fire. typically expressed as extent per fire and/or total extent in a given period of time. степень пожара; |
| angle of char | Standing fuels that are burned at an angle that indicates the direction of fire spread. this is one of the eleven categories of fire pattern indicators. угол обугливания; |
| electron affinity | The amount of energy absorbed or given off when an atom accepts an electron. сродство к электрону; |
| ionization energy | The amount of energy it takes to detach one electron from a neutral atom. this energy is typically expressed in the units of energy/mole. энергия ионизации; |
| odor recognition threshold | The concentration at which 50% of a human panel can identify an odor such as ammonia. порог распознавания запаха; |
| fire vector | The direction of fire spread identified as one of the three categories: advancing, lateral and backing. вектор огня; |
| first ionization energy | The energy required to remove the outer most electron from a neutral atom in the gas phase. первая энергия ионизации; |
| fire perimeter | The entire outer edge or boundary of a fire. огненный периметр; |
| decay (burnout) stage of a fire | The fire consumes available fuel, temperatures decrease, fire gets less intense (nfpa 921). стадия затухания (выгорания) пожара; |
| heat (v.) | The flow of energy from a warm object to a cooler object. тепло (англ.); |
| first fuel ignited | - The fuel that is first set on fire by the heat of ignition. may also be referred to as “material first ignited.”
- The first fuel ignited is that which first sustains combustion beyon...
первое топливо загорелось; |
| radiation feedback | The heat which radiates back to the fire. обратная связь по излучению; |
| adiabatic heating | The heating of a gas caused by its compression. адиабатический нагрев; |
| spill fire | The ignition and subsequent combustion of a flammable or combustible liquid inadvertently released from a container. разлить огонь; |
| unplanned ignition | The initiation of a wildfire that was unplanned. незапланированное зажигание; |
| joule (symbol j) | The joule is the derived unit of energy in the international system of units. it is the energy exerted by a force of one newton acting to move an object through a distance of one meter. in terms o... джоуль (символ j); |
| markstein length | The length that measures the effect of curvature on a flame. the larger the markstein length, the greater the effect of curvature on burning velocity. длина маркштейна; |
| self-accelerating decomposition temperature (sadt) | The lowest temperature that a mass of material, capable of an exothermic decomposition reaction may occur with substance as packaged. температура самоускоряющегося разложения (sadt); |
| markstein number | The markstein length divided by the flame thickness. число маркштейна; |
| upper explosive limit (uel) | The maximum concentration of a gas or vapor that will burn in air. above this level, the mixture is too “rich” to burn. верхний предел взрываемости (впв); |
| lower explosive limit (lel) | The minimum concentration of a particular combustible gas or vapor necessary to support its combustion in air. below this level, the mixture is too “lean” to burn. нижний предел взрываемости (нпв); |
| fire spread | The movement of fire from one place to another. [921,2014] распространение огня; |
| incident commander (ic) | The officer in charge of all activities at an incident. командир инцидента (ic); |
| emergency decontamination | The physical process of immediately reducing contamination of individuals in potentially life-threatening situations. экстренная дезактивация; |
| odor adaptation | The process by which one becomes accustomed to an odor. адаптация запаха; |
| starvation of a fire | The process of depriving the fire of fuel (i.e. combustible materials). голод от огня; |
| phlegmatization | The process of mixing inert dusts with combustible dusts to reduce or eliminate the explosion hazard. флегматизация; |
| flammable range | - The range of concentrations of a gas or vapor between the upper and lower flammable limits that will burn or explode if an ignition source is introduced.
- The range of concentrations...
огнеопасный диапазон; |
| recommended exposure limits (rels) | The rel is a level that national institute for occupational safety and health (niosh) believes would be protective of worker safety and health over a working lifetime if used in combination with e... рекомендуемые пределы воздействия (rel); |
| fire progression | The spread of the fire from one location to another. развитие огня; |
| propagation of fire | The spreading of fire from one point to another point. распространение огня; |
| thermal layering | The stratification of gases produced by fire into layers based on their temperature. термическое наслоение; |
| fire dynamics | - The study of how chemistry, physics, fire science, material science, and the engineering disciplines of fluid mechanics and heat transfer, interact to influence fire behavior.
- The d...
динамика огня; |
| ignition time | The time between the application of an ignition source to a material and the onset of self-sustained combustion [nfpa 921]. время зажигания; |
| heartcut | The various components of a mixture have different molecular sizes, molecular weights and boiling temperatures. because they have different boiling temperatures, they can be separated by a process... сердце; |
| fire patterns | - The visible or measurable physical effects that remain after a fire.
- The visible or measurable physical changes, or identifiable shapes, formed by a fire effect or group of fire eff...
образцы огня; |
| closed cup flash point testing | This type of test is conducted inside a sealed vessel and the ignition source is introduced into the vessel. the substance is not exposed to the elements outside of the vessel, which can have an i... испытание температуры вспышки в закрытом тигле; |
| open cup flash point testing | This type of testing is performed by placing the substance into a vessel which is open to the outside atmosphere. the temperature is gradually raised, and an ignition source is passed over the top... тестирование температуры вспышки в открытом тигле; |
| threshold limit value (tlv) | Threshold limit values are the maximum average airborne concentration of a hazardous material to which healthy adult workers can be exposed during an 8-hour workday and 40-hour workweek—over a wor... пороговое предельное значение (tlv); |
| fire return interval | Time between two successive fires in a specified area. интервал возврата огня; |
| control of fire | When firefighters and/or other resources completely surround and leave no open line on the fire perimeter. управление огнем; |
| onshore flow | Wind blowing from a body of water toward/onto land. береговой сток; |
| offshore flow | Wind blowing from land onto water. морской сток; |
| growth stage of a fire | With the initial flame as a heat source, additional fuel ignites. convection and radiation ignite more surfaces. the size of the fire increases and the plume reaches the ceiling. hot gases collect... стадия развития пожара; |
| administrative controls | Work procedures, written safety policies, rules, supervision, laboratory testing, schedules, and training that are implemented to reduce or remove the duration, frequency, and severity of exposure... административный контроль; |
| v-образный узор |
v-pattern; |
| расстояние закалки |
quenching distance; |
| кодекс федеральных правил (cfr) |
code of federal regulations (cfr); |
| экзотерма |
exotherm; |
| непосредственная опасность для жизни и здоровья (idlh) |
immediately dangerous to life and health (idlh); |
| надвигающаяся опасность |
imminent danger; |
| добер челлендж |
daubert challenge; |
| огонь с ограничением топлива |
fuel limited fire; |
| активный верховой огонь |
active crown fire; |
| линейный разведчик |
line scout; |
| пена для пожаротушения |
fire fighting foam; |
| капля воды |
water drop; |
| тепловая энергия |
heat energy; |
| воспламеняющаяся смесь |
ignitable mixture; |
| backburn |
backburn; |
| эмбер |
ember; |
| сезонность пожаров |
fire seasonality; |
| квалифицированный человек |
qualified person; |
| источник зажигания |
ignition source; |
| респиратор для пожаротушения wildland |
wildland fire fighting respirator; |
| берм |
berm; |
| острое воздействие |
acute exposure; |
| местные виды |
native species; |
| обонятельная луковица |
olfactory bulb; |
| удушающий |
asphyxiant; |
| пирофорный материал |
pyrophoric material; |
| анализ рисков на работе |
job hazard analysis; |
| килопаскаль (кпа) |
kilopascal (kpa); |
| открытое пламя |
open flame; |
| анализ пожара |
fire analysis; |
