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Economies of scale
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- A reduction in unit costs that arise from an increase in production. suppose biscuitco has a biscuit factory capable of producing 1,000 packs of biscuits a day. if it produces only 10 packs a day, it has to buy only enough biscuit ingredients to produce 10 packs a day at a cost of ј1 per pack. the ingredients are a variable cost of production — the cost varies with the amount produced. the factory, on the other hand, is a fixed cost. regardless of whether biscuitco is making one pack a day or 1,000, the cost of the factory is fixed at ј1,000 per day. if biscuitco produces 10 packs a day, the total cost is ј1,000 for the factory plus ј10 for the ingredients, or a whopping ј110 per pack. if, however, it makes 1,000 packs a day, the total cost is ј1,000 for the factory plus ј1000 for the ingredients. the cost is now only ј2 per pack.
- Economies of scale exist where the industry exhibits decreasing average long run costs with increases in size.
- In many cases, the bigger a company gets, the cheaper it is able to produce or distribute each additional unit. generally, this is because some costs of production do not increase with each unit. these fixed costs are effectively averaged out over the cost of each unit, so that each unit produced reduces the average.
- The decrease in the marginal cost of production as a firm`s extent of operations expands.
- Lower long-run unit costs with an increase in production capacity perhaps attributable to larger firms’ being able to buy in bulk, organize production more efficiently, and/or raise capital cheaper. the term involves making comparisons over output levels, with time allowed for capacity adjustments.
- Экономия в результате роста масштабов производства
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Econometria, итальянский
Ramo della scienza economica che si interessa della formulazione, identificazione e stima di modelli matematici che possano rappresentare un fenomeno economico e permettere di effettuare previsioni sul futuro andamento dello stesso.
Econometric, английский
Econometrician, английский
Econometrics, английский
- Эконометрика; эконометрия (направление буржуазной экономической науки, выразившееся в применении математики в экономических исследованиях на базе буржуазной экономической теории)
- Эконометрия; эконометрика
- The quantitative science of modelling the economy. econometric models help explain and predict variables of interest.
- Эконометрика
Economia dell`offerta, итальянский
Teoria macroeconomica che tramite incentivi fiscali sul versante della produzione, ritiene possibile aumentare e rendere piu efficiente l`attivita aggregata, stimolando la domanda.
Economia matura, итальянский
Sistema in cui gli aggregati economici di riferimento variano a un tasso di crescita stabile e non elevato. solitamente questo accade in economie che hanno raggiunto un equilibrio di crescita costante, dopo essersi precedentemente sviluppate a ritmi eleva
Economic, английский
Экономический; рентабельный; экономный; практический
Economic (economically) active population, английский
Занятое население; активное население (в смп); самодеятельное население (в снс), см. active population
Economic activity, английский
Экономическая деятельность; сфера; сектор, см. sector
Economic adjustment, английский
Экономическая корректировка
Economic agent, английский
Хозяйствующий субъект
Economic analysis, английский
- Экономический анализ; конъюнктурный анализ
- Экономический анализ
Economic and monetary union, английский
In the context of the european union, the emu is a committment (adapted by most but not all eu countries) to move to economic integration in a number of stages culminating with a common currency.
Economic and social commission for asia and the pacific, английский
Economic and social council, английский
Economic and social framework, английский
Общественно-экономический строй
Economic and social transformation plan, английский
Economic assumptions, английский
General market environment a firm expects to operate in over the life of a financial plan.
Economic basis of town, английский
Economic benefit, английский
Экономический товар
Economic benefits, английский
Экономические выгоды
Production, английский
- Refers to a person acting more dramtic than they would in a show, making the situation epic. example after tasha got up, she caused even more of a scene by throwing her purse on the ground, punching her boyfriend, and stomping into a store. what she did was a production.
- Добыча. извлечение полезного ископаемого из недр.
- Производство
- Производство, продукция (наряду с материальными благами продукция включает только те виды услуг, которые могут рассматриваться как реализуемые: к ним относятся услуги, предоставляемые так называемыми лицами свободных профессий; остальные услуги из состава продукции исключаются; в снс)
- N 1 продуцирование, порождение, производство (син. generation); 2 фон. произношение (производство звука ) 1 обработка документов, созданных на естественном языке, а также разработка методов, технологий и конкретных систем, обеспечиваю- щих общение человека с пк на естественном или ограниченном есте- ственном языке. language ~ когн. продуцирование, порожде- ние речи (син. language generation, speech production; см. тж. speech generation; text to speech system) speech ~ порождение речи (син. language generation, language ~; см. тж. speech generation; text to speech system)
- For obtaining the benefits of trading with our colonies, it is necessary that the goods be accompanied by a “certificate of production” in the manner required by marine law. (see origin.)
- Производство, изготовление
- A rule that processes input and produces a sequence of terminal and non-terminal symbols, which can also be passed to further productions. the rules that a compiler or an expert system uses are often called productions. see also: non-terminal symbol, terminal symbol.
- Any process of synthesis, transformation or destruction realized in a space of interacting components that results not merely in the emission of signals or arrangement of characters, but as in a computer or a clockwork in material entities which are capable of interacting with other entities possibly including with the components that produced them. (->autopoiesis, ->allopoiesis)
- The process of creating usable goods from raw materials and/or parts.
- In the context of project financing, a defined portion of the proceeds of production up to a dollar amount.
- The output of goods and services.
- Добыча. извлечение полезного ископаемого из недр. производ- ство. объем добычи или производства.
- Term used to describe the process of extracting, preparing, storing, and delivering well oils.
- The phase of the petroleum industry that deals with bringing the well fluids to the surface and separating them and with storing, gauging, and otherwise preparing the product for the pipeline.
Regardless, английский
Невзирая на, несмотря на
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Emu, английский
- Extravehicular mobility unit
- See: economic and monetary union
- Electro-magnets unit
- Extended memory unit
- Electric multiple unit - the generic term for an electrically powered suburban or metro train where a separate locomotive is not required because the traction drive and control system is contained under various cars in the train. see also multiple unit.
- Electric multiple unit
Earnings per share, английский
- A measure of how much profit a company is making for its shareholders. changes in eps are tracked carefully by analysts in order to assess performance of companies. if eps is growing, this is a good thing. why not just look at profits? because a company can increase its profits by buying another company and adding both sets of profits. a company may double its profits through a merger, yet its eps can remain unchanged. gross national product (gnp) also takes into account the effect of imports and foreign investment. if gdp is bigger this year than last year, then the uk is experiencing economic growth. but inflation has also driven up prices since last year, and thus gdp. to assess whether the economy is actually growing, the rate of inflation has to be subtracted from the nominal rate of growth to get the real rate of growth. real economic growth in the uk was 1.8% in 2002.
- , eps - доход на акцию - один из методов отчета по прибыли, когда чистая прибыль компании за год или другой отчетный период делится на количество простых акций, выпущенных в обращение на последний день отчетного периода (результат выражается в денежных ед
- The portion of a company’s profit allocated to each outstanding share of common stock. earnings per share serves as an indicator of a company’s profitability.
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