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Gargoyle
| Глоссарий по архитектуре и конструкциям |
A waterspout projecting from the roof gutter of a building, often carved grotesquely.
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Waterspout, английский
- A small whirling storm over water which can either be spawned from the base of a thunderstorm, or formed in a cold outbreak of arctic air. they are similar, but generally no as severe as tornadoes.
- Водяной смерч
- A serious maritime hazard, capable of damaging or destroying ships and aircraft. as early as the first century bce, roman philosopher titus lucretius carus wrote of “whirling columns that put sailors into great peril.” often thought of as tiny cyclonic storms or as tornadoes over water, waterspouts actually have somewhat different characteristics from either. they are relatively short-lived, have weaker wind speeds, and normally spin upward from the surface rather than downward as a tornado does. they are frequently, but not always, associated with tropical thunderstorms. waterspouts begin when sun-heated humid air moves upward from the surface and condenses into tiny water droplets, releasing heat which makes the air rise faster, and swirl into a vortex that forms and dissipates in five distinct phases: • the first indication, seldom visible from a ship’s deck, but easily noticed by overflying aircraft, is the formation of a “dark spot” on the water. • many of these fade away, but those progressing to waterspout assume a spiral pattern of lighter and darker water. during this second stage, a shipboard observer will probably feel the wind begin to shift and increase in speed. • when the rotating wind reaches about 35 knots it 353 waterspout agwe = haitian ahto = finnish anguta = inuit apam napat = hindu brighid = irish dogon = philistine hapi = egyptian itzama = mayan kul = syrian llyr = welsh mara = latvian mo-hou-lo-chia = chinese njord = scandanavian tiamat = babylonian tlaloque = aztec undine = latin yemayah = yoruba zurvan = persian begins to throw up water in a circular pattern. the spray vortex of this third stage is clearly visible to people afloat, who will sometimes see a “funnel” starting to head downward toward the rising vortex from a cloud overhead or off to one side. the funnel itself is a cloud of minute water droplets which are so fine that it can usually be seen through. • in the fourth stage, the funnel, if any, links cloud to ocean, while the spinning vortex kicks up small waves and leaves a bubbly wake behind as it moves across the surface. • in the fifth and final stage, rain begins to fall from the parent cloud, cooling the warm and humid air which feeds the waterspout. the spray vortex weakens, and the funnel becomes shorter, possibly more tapered and often twists around, so that the bottom of the spout moves out from under the cloud as it dissipates.
Projecting, английский
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Roof tank, английский
A water-storage tank on a roof.
Waterborne preservative, английский
A water-soluble chemical used to treat wood for protection against decay and insects.
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