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Figurehead
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- An ornamental carved and painted figure on the stem of the vessel.
- A symbolic image at the head of a traditional sailing ship or early steamer.
- Носовая фигура
- A carved wooden sculpture that decorates the prows of a ship. the custom originated in antiquity. minoan, phoenician, greek, and roman craft carried carved idols (acrostolia) with prominent oculi on the bows, believing on the one hand that the eyes would guide the ship and, on the other, that the god depicted would protect the vessel and its crew from the many perils of seafaring. vikings and normans carved their upturned stems of their longships into the likenesses of serpents and dragons, hoping to intimidate and terrify their enemies. in 13th century europe, a swan figurehead was supposed to help the ship glide gracefully over the water. by this time, seafarers had turned their backs on idol worship, but remained fiercely superstitious, going to great lengths to protect their figureheads which many believed contained the spirit of the vessel, ready to protect them from the perils of the deep and guide them safely to their destination. they firmly believed any harm to the icon would bring disaster to the ship. (see figurehead lore.) during the middle ages, oculi and figureheads were eclipsed by the installation of forecastle fighting platforms, but the tradition died hard and figureheads were back by the tudor era. earlier, they had been mounted, or carved directly, on the ship’s stem but with the forecastle overhanging the bow they were 115 figurehead repositioned below the bowsprit. throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, lions were greatly favored figureheads, but by the 18th they tended to be replaced by classical or mythological figures usually representing the name of the ship, and often the head and torso of a warrior or a partially naked female. whether the sculpture was full-length, cut off at the waist, a headand- shoulders bust, or a mere ornament (billethead, fiddlehead, or scrollhead) depended to a large extent on the design of the bow and proportions of the vessel. but, whatever size it was, its eyes continued to be a prominent and important feature, remaining in fashion until the arrival of iron hulls. by the turn of the 19th century figureheads had become so large and elaborate that they were not only extremely expensive, but were easily damaged in accidents and deteriorated by the weather. the admiralty first restricted their size (along with the amount of other carved decoration) and officially abolished them in 1840, but they did not disappear completely until the advent of ironclad warships some twenty years later. figureheads could be seen on merchantmen into the early 20th century, and can still be seen on some private yachts and cruise ships.
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Носовая фигура, русский
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Ornamental, английский
Traditional, английский
A традиционный grammar
Phoenician, английский
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Following sea, английский
An overtaking sea (wind and waves) that comes from astern.
Drogue, английский
- An object used to increase the drag of a boat to slow her down.
- Бу?к, плавучий якорь
- Плавучий якорь
- [1] a canvas or wooden device, resistant to being pulled through the water, attached to a line and dropped ahead or astern of a vessel to hold its bow into the wind during heavy weather, or to minimize drift in water too deep to anchor. also sea-anchor. [2] a canvas sleeve towed behind an aircraft for target practice.
- Any device streamed astern to check a vessel`s speed, or to keep its stern up to the waves in a following sea.
- Any device that is dragged behind the boat to slow its progress.
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