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Women aboard ship
| Морской словарь |
[1] in the days of sail, superstitious seamen generally resented the presence of a female at sea, believing it was sure to produce foul weather or even gales. [2] on the other hand, many captains and some other officers took their wives on voyages, perhaps because a contrary superstition held that a pregnant woman was lucky for the ship. [3] see naked female. women and children first!: aboard hms birkenhead, in the early hours of 26th february 1852, the troops were in their quarters, passengers in their bunks, and only the duty watch was on deck. the sea was calm, the skies were clear, and a course had been plotted to avoid treacherous offshore rocks, but no one had realized that an iron hull (a rarity at the time) would cause compass deviation. with a terrible crunch, the brigantine-rigged transport impaled herself on pinnacle rock, just off danger point on the south african coast. the serious rent in her hull was enlarged when captain robert salmond put her auxiliary paddle-wheels full astern in an attempt to back off the rocks. a hundred or more embarked troops drowned in their sleep, but the remainder rushed on deck where their sergeants formed them in parade order. salmond shouted “abandon ship! every man for himself!” but lieutenant-colonel alexander seaton bellowed, “stand fast the ranks—women and children first!” this is the first time this phrase, later to become a maritime tradition, is known to have been used. all but three of the eight lifeboats stowed on her paddle-boxes were stuck there by multiple coats of paint, and one of these was crushed when the funnel collapsed. seven of the 25 female passengers got into the two remaining boats, together with 13 of 31 children. next day, the schooner lioness rescued them along with 54 seamen, 6 marines, and 113 soldiers, who had been clinging to flotsam or hanging in the rigging of topmasts projecting above the water. an estimated 445 had drowned or been eaten by sharks, including captain salmond and colonel seaton with most of the troops who had steadfastly obeyed his order to stand fast. rudyard kipling immortalized their courage when he wrote: wire 360 to stand and be still to the birken’ead drill is a damn tough bullet to chew
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Superstition, английский
Birkenhead, английский
Г. беркенхед (метроп. граф. мерсисайд, англия, великобритания)
Brigantine, английский
- A two-masted vessel with foremast square rigged, and mainmast fore and aft rigged.
- A square-rigged vessel with two masts. a term variously applied by the mariners of different european nations to a peculiar sort of vessel of their own marine. amongst british seamen this vessel is distinguished by having her main-sail set nearly in the plane of her keel, whereas the main-sails of larger ships are spread athwart the ship`s length, and made fast to a yard which hangs parallel to the deck; but in a brig, the foremost side of the main-sail is fastened at different heights to hoops which encircle the main-mast, and slide up and down it as the sail is hoisted or lowered: it is extended by a gaff above and a boom below. brigantine is a derivative from brig, first applied to passage-boats; in the celtic meaning “passage over the water.” (see hermaphrodite or brig-schooner.)
- A small two-masted ship, squarerigged on the foremast and main topmast, and foreand- aft on the lower mainmast.
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Women marines, английский
The navy and marine corps were the only united states armed forces to enlist women in world war i (1918), but the marines were last to do so in world war ii (1943). the corps is the only sea service that does not identify its women by an acronym (see spars, waves, and wrens); when the first world war ii females were inducted, usmc commandant lt.gen. thomas holcomb commented, “they don’t have a nickname, and they don’t need one.... they are marines.” during world war ii, in addition to clerical and administrative duties, women marines served in over 200 military assignments, including radio operators, parachute riggers, vehicle drivers and mechanics, welders, and cartographers. they formed about onethird of personnel manning major posts in the united states and hawaii. in 1948 congress passed the women’s armed services integration act (public law 625) and women became part of the regular marine corps. the usmc allows women in all occupational fields except infantry, artillery, armor, and aircrew. in contrast, the royal marines admits females only to its band service. they have a secondary role as field hospital orderlies but, not being commando trained, wear blue berets instead of the prestigious green ones.
Wolfpack, английский
An organized force of submarines coordinated for a specific mission or to attack a designated target. the concept was developed by the german kriegsmarine for the battle of the atlantic, and the usn deployed similar but smaller groups in the latter part of the pacific war.
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