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Construction sequence
| Глоссарий по искусственному интеллекту |
An ordered sequence of conditionals that fulfill the conditions needed to compute a probability distribution. these sequences allow probabilistic expert systems to compute probabilities based on a multiplication series, rather than computing and saving an entire multivariate distribution and its associated marginals and/or conditionals. construction sequences are often represented by a directed acylic graph (dag) or their multivariate generalizations called bubble graphs. see also: conditional, probabilistic expert systems.
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Construct, английский
- V составлять (предложе- ние)
- A hypothetical variable or system which does not purport to accurately represent or model given observations but has a heuristic or interpretative value concerning them. constructs may be (1) ideal types as the economist`s concept of rational behavior. rationality can be formalized, leads to elaborate constructions for the motivation of economic behavior and stimulates empirical inquiries into why actual behavior does not quite conform to it. constructs maybe (2) hypothetical entities, processes or mechanisms which would explain the connections between observed causes and consequences if those entities, processes or mechanisms existed. human memory is such a construct. it bridges the gap between past experiences and current behavior. psychological examples are the freudian id, ego, and super ego for which physiological evidence is principally unavailable. finally, constructs may be (3) the algorithms capable of generating (->generative) a certain process or product without evidence for whether this rather than another computational procedure is followed in practice. computer simulation of an economy exemplifies the case where the computer algorithm is known to be entirely different from (but in the aggregate (->aggregation) not incompatable with) the reasoning that may go on in the marketplace. theory in computational linguistics similarly aims to construct mental processes algorithmically.
- A structured piece of code formed from various syntax elements. examples are expressions (try … with, if…then…else, etc.), function definitions (let … = …), and type declarations (type … = …).
Construct a path, английский
Составить путь; построить маршрут
Construct validity, английский
Descriptive of a test-setter`s ability precisely to determine and explain what is being tested.
Constructability, английский
Constructed, английский
Построенный
Constructed encoding, английский
Constructed generic type, английский
A generic type whose generic type parameters have been specified. a constructed type or method can be an open generic type if some of its type arguments are type parameters of enclosing types or methods, or a closed generic type if all of its type arguments are real types.
Constructed type, английский
Сложный тип
Constructed value, английский
Расчетная стоимость
Constructed wetland, английский
Constructio [onis, f], латинский
Constructio [onis, f] (murorum, navium, pontium, viarum), латинский
Constructio, onis, f, латинский
Construction, французский
Construction, английский
- Конструкция; сооружение, постройка; строительство
- Конструкция; сооружение; постройка; строительство
- Most commonly applied to elastomer‑based
- N конструкция (предложения и т.п. ) | a конструкционный grammar causative ~ каузативная конструкция comparative ~ сравнительная конструкция coordinated ~ сочиненная конструкция left branching ~ конструкция с левосторон- ним ветвлением morphological ~ морфологическая конструкция multiple branching ~ конструкция с много- членным ветвлением nominal ~ именная конструкция prepositional ~ предложная конструкция right branching ~ конструкция с правосто- ронним ветвлением syntactic ~ синтаксическая конструкция
- Конструкция
- In naval architecture, is to give the ship such a form as may be most suitable for the service for which she is designed. in navigation, it is the method of ascertaining a ship`s course by trigonometrical diagrams. (see inspection.)
- Американский институт деревянных конструкций ака also known as также известный под названием (об изделиях, материалах и т.п.)
- Американский институт стальных конструкций
- Американское общество по строительству с применением бетонных и железобетонных конструкций
- Возможные изменения постоянной нагрузки (на конструкцию) в процессе строительства
- Договор (подряда) на строительство
- Метод вакуум-бетониро- всния при изготовлении мостовых конструкций
- Национальная ассоциация женщин-строителей (сша)
- How a particular pattern is woven and which components are used. for example, jacquard, plain weave, basket weave, dobby.
- Как плетется тот или иной узор и какие компоненты используются. например, жаккард, полотняное переплетение, корзиночное переплетение, добби.
- Строительный объект
Construction (organisee) en chaine, французский
Construction -, английский
Строительный чертёж
Construction -s, английский
Строительные материалы
Construction a titre d`autofinancement, французский
Construction adhesive, английский
Any adhesive used to assemble primary building
Construction administrator, английский
An individual who oversees the responsibilities of a contract for construction. these responsibilities include reviewing and certifying the amount due to the contractor, preparing change orders, and conducting site inspections to determine dates of substantial completion and final completion. compare with construction manager.
Conditions, английский
- The terms of surrender.
- Обстоятельства; условия; режим
- Грузовая устойчивость ~ of crane during lifting operations грузовая устойчивость крана ~ of geometrical shape геометрическая неизменяемость ~ of slope устойчивость откоса ~ of volume постоянство объёма
- Наблюдения за работой сооружений в условиях эксплуатации
- Работа конструкции в условиях эксплуатационных нагрузок
- A set of specified constraints and parameters that are part of the rights group bundled into a rights label. these are enforced at the time of consumption.
Probability, английский
- Probability can be generally defined as a measure of how likely some event will occur. the event could be an explosion, a lottery win or perhaps cancer induction. mathematically speaking, the value of probability varies between 0 and 1 where 0 means an ev
- Вероятность. возможность.
- The probability of an event is a number between zero and 100%. the meaning (interpretation) of probability is the subject of theories of probability, which differ in their interpretations. however, any rule for assigning probabilities to events has to satisfy the axioms of probability.
- Вероятность
- Вероятность probability sample, syn. random sample
- Вероятность. мера случайности появления конкретного события. например, вероятность случайного выбора из популяции человека с конкретным качеством соответствует доле людей в популяции, обладающих этим качеством.
- Вероятность; возможность
- Вероятность; обеспеченность (гидрологической величины) ~ of no-failure вероятность безотказной работы
- Probability is a method for representing uncertainty about propositions or events. it represents the uncertainty about a proposition on a scale from 0 to 1, with a 0 representing complete certainty that the proposition is false or an event will not occur and a value of one will represent the opposite. formally, a probability measure is one that follows kolmogorov`s axioms. there are two main schools of thought on the meaning of probability. frequentists take a narrow interpretation of probability allowing only hypothetically repeatable events or experiments as being quantifiable by probability, while bayesians take a broader interpretation that allows reasoning about "one-shot" events and propositions based on the current knowledge about nature. the bayesian interpretation is most commonly used in artificial intelligence, while the frequentist interpretation is most commonly taught in statistics courses. the label "bayesian" arises from the central role that the bayes theorem plays in this use of probability. it allows one to reason from effects to causes and encourages the use of probability measures to describe supposedly fixed events or propositions which frequentists disallow. the probability for these events reflects one`s state of knowledge about the event, rather than being an assertion that the unknown event can vary. for example, a bayesian would have no qualms about making statements about the probability that a given die, rolled and hidden from his sight is, for example, a six. a frequentist would be unable to make such a statement, preferring to talk about his confidence in the method when applied to a hypothetically large number of repeated experiments. in the end, they would act in similar ways. when the long run data are available, bayesians and frequentists end up with the same estimates. see also: bayes theorem, kolmogorov`s axioms.
- Вероятность. математическое измерение возможности появления неко-его события, выраженное в виде дроби или процента [30]. значения статистической вероятности лежат в пределах от 1 или 100 процентов (всегда) до 0 или 0 процентов (никогда) [20]. наибольшее приближение к истинной вероятности дает относитель-ная частота события, полученная на основе большой серии измерений или результа-тов [33]. вероятность может быть также определена как выражение в некоторой неопределимой форме "степени уверенности" или как предельная частота события в бесконечной случайной последовательности [49].
- The likelihood of something happening. for example, sale being made.
- Вероятность. математическое измерение возможности появления некоего события, выраженное в виде дроби или процента [30]. значения статистической вероятности лежат в пределах от 1 или 100 процентов (всегда) до 0 или 0 процентов (никогда) [20]. наибольшее приближение к истинной вероятности дает относительная частота события, полученная на основе большой серии измерений или результатов [33]. вероятность может быть также определена как выражение в некоторой неопределимой форме "степени уверенности" или как предельная частота события в бесконечной случайной последовательности [49].
- The relative likelihood of a particular outcome among all possible outcomes.
- Likelihood that an event may occur, expressed as a number between 0 and 1.
Distribution, английский
- Распределение. размещение.
- Распределение - рыночный процесс, при котором крупные рыночные трейдеры в основном продают бумаги мелким трейдерам;
- The distribution of a set of numerical data is how their values are distributed over the real numbers. it is completely characterized by the empirical distribution function. similarly, the probability distribution of a random variable is completely characterized by its probability distribution function. sometimes the word "distribution" is used as a synonym for the empirical distribution function or the probability distribution function. if two or more random variables are defined for the same experiment, they have a joint probability distribution.
- Refers to the spread and shape of a frequency curve of some variable. a histogram is one way to graphically display the distribution of test results by showing the frequency of observations on the y-axis versus the magnitude on the x-axis. the normal or gaussian curve is one form of a distribution.
- Распределение
- Торговля; сфера обращения; распределение
- A way to limit where your usenet postings go. handy for such things as for sale messages or discussions of regional politics.
- The movement of freshly mixed concrete toward the point of placement, either by motorized tools or by hand. distribution-bar reinforcement, distribution
- N дистрибуция complementary ~ дополнительная дистрибу- ция, отношение дополнительности5 contrastive ~ контрастная, контрастирущая дистрибуция non-contrastive ~ неконтрастная, неконтра- стирущая дистрибуция distribution(al)
- Распределение dna (deoxyribonucleic acid)
- Распределение. 1. распределение данных. данные могут иметь определенную форму (вид) распределения, которая зависит от их характеристик. например, рост имеет нормальное распределение (см. normal distribution), а результаты метания игральных костей следуют равномерному (случайному) распределению. 2. распределение (распространение) вещества и его метаболитов в организме после применения препарата. обычно описывается с помощью объема распределения (см. volume of distribution) и свободной фракции.
- Diamond pattern
- A payout of cash or property from a corporation to a shareholder.
- Распределение; размещение; распространение; разводка (труб) ~ of bending stresses over the cross
- Распределение. ранжирование значений переменной от наименьшего до наибольшего и результирующая совокупность характеристик или показателей, выстроенных в виде графика [20]. плотность распределения, например, показывает возможные значения параметра в зависимости от числа появлений каждого значения в выборке или совокупности. во многих случаях это характеризует разброс единич-ных значений выборки или совокупности вокруг среднего значения.
- The delivery of electricity to the retail customer’s home or business through low voltage distribution lines.
- The spatial range of a species, usually on a geographic but sometimes on a smaller scale, or the arrangement or spatial pattern of a species over its habitat. • food resources will lead to this distribution. d. over space: • altitude: species diversity less abundant in higher than lower altitudes. • latitude: ecosystems are more complex in equatorial regions than in higher latitudes (poles) • scale: the greater the sample the better interpretability. • spatial: • aggregated or clump d.: individuals form one or more clumps, attracted to areas with the greatest availability of food or shelter and avoiding less hospitable terrain. • random d.: individual spacing would be determined by chance. • regular or uniform spacing d.: individuals may also be drawn together by some social interaction, such as mating or parental care. in other cases, antagonistic interactions between individuals or scarce d. over time: • habitat: (see there). • succession (see there).
- The transport of low voltage electricity. this connects the transmission network with the majority of electricity consumers. the process is overseen by a distribution network operator. management of distribution is a natural monopoly due to the economies of scale inherent to it. reeep / sustainable energy regulation network – august 2004 - revised september 2010 4
- The set of values of a variable together with the probabilities (->probability) associated with each. a tabulation of the frequencies of tokens by types.
- The process of managing the flow of goods and services from the producer to the customer.
- Распределение. ранжирование значений переменной от наименьшего до наибольшего и результирующая совокупность характеристик или показателей, выстроенных в виде графика [20]. плотность распределения, например, показывает возможные значения параметра в зависимости от числа появлений каждого значения в выборке или совокупности. во многих случаях это характеризует разброс единичных значений выборки или совокупности вокруг среднего значения.
- The act or process of delivering electric energy from convenient points on the transmission system (usually a substation) to consumers.
- Выплата дивидендов
Probabilistic, английский
- Вероятностный
- Attribute of non-deterministic systems whose transitions between states follow known or ascertainable probabilities (->probability). the ergodic behavior of probabilistic systems is describable as a markov chain. probabii.ity
Multiplication, английский
Multivariate, английский
Многомерный
Associated, английский
- Соответствующий; связанный; присоединенный
- Experiencing through your own senses (seeing through your own eyes, hearing with your own ears, feeling with your own feelings.)
Conditional, английский
- Условный
- A условный | n 1 усло- вие2; 2 грм. а) условное наклонение (син. ~ mood), б) условная связь (син. ~ conjunction); 3 лог. условное высказывание mood, sentence
- In probabilistic expert systems, a collection of conditional distributions for the same group of variables (referred to as the head) over all of the states of a conditioning set of variables (referred to as the tail). the conditional distribution of height and weight for various mutually exclusive groupings of age and sex would be a conditional, with height and weight as the head variables and age and sex the tail variables. see also: slice.
- A control structure such as an if-statement or case-statement that conditionally executes a block of code
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Vector optimization, английский
An optimization problem where multiple objectives must be satisfied (or maximized). vector-quantization networks vector-quantization networks are a form of unsupervised kohonen neural networks similar to k-means cluster analysis. each unit corresponds to a cluster. when a new case is learned, the closest code book vector (cluster center) is moved a certain proportion along the vector between it and the new case, where the proportion is determined by the learning rate of the algorithm. see also: http://www-uk.hpl.hp.com/people/ewc/list-main.html.
Ordinal attribute, английский
An ordinal attribute is one that takes on values whose order has external meaning but whose particular values or differences between values do not have meaning. an example is an unanchored rating by a person on a ninepoint scale. assigning one object a value of three and another a value of six does not imply that the second object has twice the value of the first. it only implies that it has more. by extension, you could also infer that the latter also has more than any other objects that are rated as 1, 2, 4, or 5 by the same person, and less than objects that are rated as 7, 8, or 9. the results of operations other than proportion level operations and order-specific counting (e.g., the number of cases with a score less than three) are dependent on the scaling, which is arbitrary. using techniques designed for continuous measures on ordinal variables often leads to misleading or silly results. see also: interval attribute, machine learning, logistic regression, nominal attribute (type), ratio attribute. ordinary least squares (ols) an ordinary least squares (ols) function uses the sum of the squared deviations between the observed and fitted values as its minimization criteria. this is equivalent to minimizing the euclidian distance between the pbserved and fitted values. variants include weighted least squares, which weights the individual squared differences according to a set of weights, least absolute deviations (lad) which minimize the absolute differences, and general lp criteria, where the p-th power of the absolute difference is minimized. ols and lad are l2 and l1, respectively. ols is known in the neural network literature as "least mean squares." the same acronym has been used in the neural network literature as orthogonal least squares a technique for forward stepwise selection in radial basis function (rbf) networks. the latter technique starts with a large set of candidate points and selects a subset that is useful for predictions. see also: radial basis function.
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