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Backdraft
| Глоссарий терминов в области процессов горения и взрыва |
- A backdraft is an explosion caused by the inrush of air from any source or cause, into a burning enclosure, where combustion has been taking place in a shortage of air. a fire needs oxygen, or an oxidizer, in order to burn. generally, this is not a problem since the atmosphere contains sufficient oxygen to allow a fire to burn. however, if the fire is burning in a closed confined area or space, the fire will consume the available oxygen and generate large amounts of carbon monoxide along with an assortment of other fire gases. these products of incomplete combustion accumulate in the compartment and create an extremely hazardous condition. a backdraft event generally occurs when a fire is smoldering. as oxygen levels drop, visible flames start to diminish because the fire is being starved of oxygen. the confined space can become charged with superheated gases and smoke. the temperature increases, the gases expand and the pressure builds within the confined space. if oxygen is reintroduced into this confined environment, the hot vaporized fuel bursts into flames and the pressurized gases will ignite with explosive force. the explosive force at which the backdraft occurs is a result of the amount of superheated gas in the space and the amount of oxygen introduced. a backdraft is an air-driven event.
- A deflagration resulting from the sudden introduction of air into a confined space containing oxygen deficient products of incomplete combustion.
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Обратная тяга, русский
Обратное давление в полости модели отливки или ковочного штампа для предотвращения выплескивания металла.
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Combustion, английский
- Сгорание; горение
- Горение, сожжение
- Any chemical process that produces light and heat as either glow or flames.
- Burning, &c. (see spontaneous combustion.)
- Сгорание, сжигание, горение, возгорание
- Сгорание. химическая реакция, при: которой вещество соединяется с кислородом с выделением тепла: «горение». сгорание топлива, содержащего углерод и водород, считается полным, если цроисходит полное окисление этих двух элементов до углекислого газа и воды. неполное сгорание может привести к тому, что: 1) в золе остается значительное количество углерода; 2) часть углерода выделяется в виде окиси углерода; и 3) молекулы топлива реагируют с образованием ряда продуктов более сложного состава по сравнению с исходными молекулами топлива, и если эти продукты не сгорают, они выделяются в виде дыма. сгорание летучих продуктов может протекать более полно, если сверху на слой топлива подается так называемый вторичный воздух (воздух, пропускаемый через слой топлива, называется «первичным»). воздух сверх количества, теоретически необходимого для полного сгорания (избыточный воздух), следует подавать с минимальным избытком, чтобы` избежать неоправданных потерь тепла с дымовыми газами, слабой теплопередачи и окисления двуокиси серы в трехокись. перенасыщенное сгорание происходит в системе, где топливо подается сверху на раскаленный слой топлива. такая система характеризуется тенденцией к образованию дыма. тороидальное (кольцевое) сгорание происходит в системе, где в печи поддерживается вихревой поток; это увеличивает время пребывания топлива в печи и настолько улучшает горение, что дополнительной подачи воздуха, требуется мало или не требуется совсем. 40
- A combustion reaction involves a substance combining with an oxidizer, releasing a large amount of heat (exothermic) and produces a flame. the heat produced can make combustion self-sustaining. an oxidizer is a compound that takes electrons in a reaction and can promote or initiate combustion. oxygen and chlorine are examples of oxidizers. when oxygen is available in sufficient amounts, complete combustion occurs. if a hydrocarbon undergoes complete combustion, carbon dioxide and water vapor are produced. combustion reactions can be oxygen starved or can involve excess oxygen. in an oxygen starved combustion reaction, a combustion reaction has a limited oxygen supply and incomplete combustion occurs. in an environment of combustion in excess air, the amount of oxygen supplied to the combustion reaction is more than is needed for complete combustion and can lead to a hotter, faster burning fire.
- A chemical process of oxidation that occurs at a rate fast enough to produce heat and usually light in the form of either a glow or flame.
- The chemical process of oxidation that occurs at a rate fast enough to produce heat and usually light in the form of either a glow or flame.
Atmosphere, английский
- The envelope of gases that surround a planet`s surface held by the planet`s gravity. over the earth, the atmosphere is divided into several layers based on their properties. the most common layer designations are
- Атмосфера
- The ambient air, or thin elastic fluid which surrounds the globe, and gradually diminishing in gravity rises to an unknown height, yet by gravitation partakes of all its motions.
- [1] the envelope of air surrounding the globe. [2] a unit of pressure equal to 76 centimeters (29.9 inches) of mercury, or 1033.2 grams/sq. centimeter (2116.3 pounds/sq. foot). (cf. hydrosphere, lithosphere.)
- Атмосфера; воздух
- Атмосфера. газовая оболочка, окружающая землю (вмо). см. также air— атмосферный воздух.
Sufficient, английский
Достаточный
Assortment, английский
- The arrangement of goods, tools, &c., in a series.
- Набор
Incomplete, английский
A неполный application incongruence n псхл. неконгруэнтность
Accumulate, английский
- Broker/analyst recommendation that could mean slightly different things depending on the broker/analyst. in general, it means to increase the number of shares of a particular security over the near term, but not to liquidate other parts of the portfolio t
- Broker/analyst recommendation that could mean slightly different things depending on the broker/analyst. in general, it means to increase the number of shares of a particular security over the near term, but not to liquidate other parts of the portfolio to buy a security that might skyrocket. a buy recommendation, but not an urgent buy.
- To amass or collect. when oil and gas migrate into porous formations, the quantity collected is called an accumulation.
Compartment, английский
- Forest management subdivision or block of land, usually of continuous land ownership (17).
- Помещение; отсек
- Отделение, отсек, купе, салон
- A small space within a larger enclosed area, often separated by partitions.
- Any space enclosed by bulkheads.
- An abstraction (not a specific storage location) that consists of one or more isolated storage files, called stores, which contain the actual directory locations where data is stored. any kind of data can be saved in the store.
Smoldering, английский
- The combustion of solid materials without the accompaniment of flame.
- Combustion without flame, usually with incandescence and smoke.
Superheated, английский
Перегретый
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Quenching distance, английский
- A characteristic length scale associated with laminar flame quenching during propagation in a narrow channel or tube.
- Расстояние погасания затухания пламени
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