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Ecosystem homeostasis
| Глоссарий терминов по охране окружающей среды (англо-русский) |
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Равновесие в экосистеме, русский
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Ecosystem, английский
- Complex ecological community and environment forming a functional whole in nature (12).
- A natural system that functions as unit. it is assemblage of living organisms together with their non-living environment in a particular area. healthy ecosystems are necessary for maintaining and regulating: atmospheric quality, climate, fresh water, mari
- All the organisms in a particular region and the environment in which they live. the elements of an ecosystem interact with each other in some way, and so depend on each other either directly or indirectly.
- All of the organisms of a given area and the encompassing physical environment. human activity and the e.: (see greenhouse effect); • harvest in natural e.: reducing population density through harvesting in natural environments; intraspecific competition is lowered, favoring survivorship; (see msy). • agro-e.: antropogenic plant communities, continuity, monoculture, reduction in species diversity, additional nutrients (by fertilization), pest-control (by herbicides and pesticides), green desert. • change of biogeochemical cycles (see cycles):
- A geographically specified system of organisms, including humans, the environment, and the processes that control the dynamics of the system.
- An open system of living organisms, interacting with each other and with their abiotic environment, that is capable of selfregulation to a certain degree. depending on the focus of interest or study the extent of an ecosystem may range from very small spatial scales to the entire planet.
- A community of organisms together with their physical environment.
Ecosystem defender, английский
Ecosystem enclosure, английский
Ecosystem function, английский
An intrinsic ecosystem characteristic related to the set of conditions and processes whereby an ecosystem maintains its integrity. functions include such processes as decomposition, production, nutrient cycling, and fluxes of nutrients and energy.
Ecosystem load, английский
Ecosystem research and simulation division, английский
Отдел по исследованию и моделированию экосистем
Ecosystem restoration, английский
Ecosystem services, английский
The benefits people obtain from ecosystems. the include provisioning services, such as food and water; regulating services, such as flood and disease control; cultural services, such as spiritual and cultural benefits; and supporting services, such as nutrient cycling, that maintain the conditions for life on earth.
Ecosystem-based fisheries management (ebfm), английский
An approach that takes major ecosystem components and services - both structural and functional - into account in managing fisheries. its goal is to rebuild and sustain populations, species, biological communities, and marine ecosystems at high levels of productivity and biological diversity so as not to jeopardize a wide range or goods and services from marine ecosystems while providing food, revenues, and recreation for humans.
Ecosystem-based management (ebm), английский
A broader more comprehensive management approach that takes into account the interaction of ecological, economic, cultural, and regulatory factors impacting the overall health of an ecosystem. specific factors may include pollution, coastal development, harvest pressure, predator/prey, and other ecological interactions, as well as nearby watershed management.
Ecosystem-related environmental criteria, английский
Экологические критерии окружающей среды
Homeostasia, финский
Homeostasis, английский
- The process by which the functions and chemistry of a cell or internal organ are kept stable, even when external conditions vary greatly
- A process of interaction or mechanism which balances various influences and effects such that a stable state or a stable behavior is maintained. often that stable state or that stable behavior is essential to assume structural stability (->morphostasis) of a system. e.g., the size of the pupil of the human eye is negatively correlated with the intensity of light entering the retina thus keeping the amount of light within the limits of optimal processing of visual information. too much light will destroy the light sensitive cones of the retina. the blood sugar content and many other chemical quantities are similarly balanced within the human body (see cannon`s wisdom q( ~ ~). stable homestatic states or behaviors need not have this purposive interpretation, however. the "balance of power" idea in international politics denotes a homeostatic mechanism whose outcome presumably neither country desires by itself. in families, homeostasis may become pathological (->pathology) when family members no longer prefer that state yet cannot escape it as a consequene of the way they interact with one another (e.g., double bind). during family therapy, a non-pathological homeostasis maybe aquired after therapist induced morphogenesis or through self-organization. homestasis concerns states or behaviors whereas morphogenesis concerns structure and organization.
- The physiological capacity of an organism to regulate itself by rapidly restoring internal conditions following a sudden perturbation in the external environment.
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Равновесие в экосистеме, русский
Замкнутая экосистема, русский
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