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Bag of words representation
| Глоссарий по искусственному интеллекту |
A technique used in certain machine learning and textual analysis algorithms, the bag of words representation of the text collapses the text into a list of words without regard for their original order. unlike other forms of natural language processing, which treats the order of the words as being significant (e.g., for syntax analysis), the bag of words representation allows the algorithm to concentrate on the marginal and multivariate frequencies of words. it has been used in developing article classifiers and related applications. as an example, the above paragraph would be represented, after removing punctuation, dumplicates, and abbreviations, converting to lower-case and sorting as the following list: a algorithm algorithms allows analysis and applications article as bag been being certain classifier collapses concentrate developing for forms frequencies has in into it language learning list machine marginal multivariate natural of on order original other processing regard related representation significant syntax technique text textual the their to treats unlike
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Algorithms, английский
Complex mathematical formulae or rules used to solve complex problems in cctv they are used to achieve digital compression of a video picture.
Representation, английский
- N репрезента- ция, представление knowledge ~ представление знаний internal ~ псхл. внутреннее представление mental ~ ментальная репрезентация
- A collateral statement of such facts not inserted on the policy of insurance, as may give the underwriters a just estimate of the risk of the adventure. (see warranty.)
- A representation is a set of conventions about how to describe a class of things. representation will generally consist of four parts: 1. a lexicon that determines which symbols are in it vocabulary; 2. a structural part that describes the constraints on the symbols; 3. a collection of methods or procedures that allow the symbols to be manipulated and queried; and 4. a semantics that specifies the meaning of the symbols and their relationships. re-ranking in handwriting and text recognition systems, the task of re-ranking allows the candidate interpretations developed by the recognizer to be ranked or scored according to the language model. see also: word n-gram re-ranking, word-tag model.
- If something stands in place of or is chosen to substitute for something else, the former is considered a representation of the latter. e.g., representation of constituencies in government, linguistic representation of an event (->symbol). the 66 belief that all knowledge is a representation of the properties of the real world is as unacceptable as the insistence that all descriptions or messages are about something else.
Processing, английский
- Обработка (напр. данных); технология
- N обработка cognitive ~ когнитивная обработка language ~ когн.
- Обработка ~ of materials обработка [переработка] материалов
- A language originally designed for artists to allow them to do simple graphical design programs in a movie like paradigm.
- The preparation or packaging of fish to render it suitable for human consumption, retail sale, industrial use, or long-term storage, including but not limited to cooking, canning, smoking, salting, drying, filleting, freezing, or rendering into meal or oil, but not heading and gutting unless additional preparation is done.
- Under the gdpr, “processing” is any operation that is performed on personal data. this includes collection, recording, organisation, structuring, storage, adaptation, alteration, dissemination, erasure or destruction.
Significant, английский
- Значительный
- A значимый (о суффиксе и т.п. ) (ант. non-significant) | n означающее, сигнификант
Concentrate, английский
- A solution from which water has been removed verb 1. concept 84 to give full attention to something 2. to concentrate on to examine something in particular 3. to reduce a solution and increase its strength by evaporation
- A product that contains the valuable material after all the waste has been eliminated
Multivariate, английский
Многомерный
Developing, английский
- A series of chemical and physical actions done in a commercial lab or the home darkroom that converts light-struck film to an image that can be viewed directly or printed; making prints from negatives.
- A stage in dyeing or printing in which leuco compounds, dyes, or dye intermediates are converted to the final, stable state or shade.
Punctuation, английский
- Пунктуация points of exclamation, points of interrogation, dots, dashes; commas, semicolons and full stops serve as an additional source of information and help to specify the meaning of the written sentence which in oral speech would be
- N пунктуация mark
- The particular characterization of a process as a succession of states (->behavior). as is true for all descriptions, punctuations are observer dependent. so the sequence ••• abababa •.• 62 can be variously described as a repetition of nab" or as a repetition of "ba." such a difference becomes significant in relations between individuals or between nations where it matters a great deal whether an event is taken to be an action or a response, e.g., whether a husband withdraws because the wife nags or the wife nags because a husband withdraws. differences in punctuation underly many communication pathologies (->pathology), and many international conflicts.
Converting, английский
Преобразование; конвертирование
Classifier, английский
- Классификатор
- A superclass that includes class, data type, and interface subclasses. because all classifier subclasses share the same syntax, they are all represented by the same rectangle model element.
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Early stopping, английский
A technique to avoid overfitting in neural network and other adaptive data modeling tools. essentially the data is divided into a training and validation set and the modeling technique is "detuned" to learn very slowly. as the model learns on the training set, the error in the validation set is monitored, and the learning (maximization) process is stopped when the error in the validation set starts to go up. in practice, the validation error can vary while it is still decreasing overall (and likewise can appear to decrease when the overall trend is upward). one approach to avoid this problem is to store the intermediate models while training the system to convergence and then back out to the true minimum (i.e., overshoot and correct). elaboration of this technique are available.
Horizon effect, английский
A term coined by berliner to characterize the effects of partial look-ahead in game playing programs. if a program can look ahead to the end of the game, it could (theoretically) pick an optimal series of moves. when it can only look ahead partially (e.g., five moves in a chess game), the program may choose suboptimal moves because of its limited horizon.
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