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Probability distribution.
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The probability distribution of a random variable specifies the chance that the variable takes a value in any subset of the real numbers. (the subsets have to satisfy some technical conditions that are not important for this course.) the probability distr
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Probability, английский
- Probability can be generally defined as a measure of how likely some event will occur. the event could be an explosion, a lottery win or perhaps cancer induction. mathematically speaking, the value of probability varies between 0 and 1 where 0 means an ev
- Вероятность. возможность.
- The probability of an event is a number between zero and 100%. the meaning (interpretation) of probability is the subject of theories of probability, which differ in their interpretations. however, any rule for assigning probabilities to events has to satisfy the axioms of probability.
- Вероятность
- Вероятность probability sample, syn. random sample
- Вероятность. мера случайности появления конкретного события. например, вероятность случайного выбора из популяции человека с конкретным качеством соответствует доле людей в популяции, обладающих этим качеством.
- Вероятность; возможность
- Вероятность; обеспеченность (гидрологической величины) ~ of no-failure вероятность безотказной работы
- Probability is a method for representing uncertainty about propositions or events. it represents the uncertainty about a proposition on a scale from 0 to 1, with a 0 representing complete certainty that the proposition is false or an event will not occur and a value of one will represent the opposite. formally, a probability measure is one that follows kolmogorov`s axioms. there are two main schools of thought on the meaning of probability. frequentists take a narrow interpretation of probability allowing only hypothetically repeatable events or experiments as being quantifiable by probability, while bayesians take a broader interpretation that allows reasoning about "one-shot" events and propositions based on the current knowledge about nature. the bayesian interpretation is most commonly used in artificial intelligence, while the frequentist interpretation is most commonly taught in statistics courses. the label "bayesian" arises from the central role that the bayes theorem plays in this use of probability. it allows one to reason from effects to causes and encourages the use of probability measures to describe supposedly fixed events or propositions which frequentists disallow. the probability for these events reflects one`s state of knowledge about the event, rather than being an assertion that the unknown event can vary. for example, a bayesian would have no qualms about making statements about the probability that a given die, rolled and hidden from his sight is, for example, a six. a frequentist would be unable to make such a statement, preferring to talk about his confidence in the method when applied to a hypothetically large number of repeated experiments. in the end, they would act in similar ways. when the long run data are available, bayesians and frequentists end up with the same estimates. see also: bayes theorem, kolmogorov`s axioms.
- Вероятность. математическое измерение возможности появления неко-его события, выраженное в виде дроби или процента [30]. значения статистической вероятности лежат в пределах от 1 или 100 процентов (всегда) до 0 или 0 процентов (никогда) [20]. наибольшее приближение к истинной вероятности дает относитель-ная частота события, полученная на основе большой серии измерений или результа-тов [33]. вероятность может быть также определена как выражение в некоторой неопределимой форме "степени уверенности" или как предельная частота события в бесконечной случайной последовательности [49].
- The likelihood of something happening. for example, sale being made.
- Вероятность. математическое измерение возможности появления некоего события, выраженное в виде дроби или процента [30]. значения статистической вероятности лежат в пределах от 1 или 100 процентов (всегда) до 0 или 0 процентов (никогда) [20]. наибольшее приближение к истинной вероятности дает относительная частота события, полученная на основе большой серии измерений или результатов [33]. вероятность может быть также определена как выражение в некоторой неопределимой форме "степени уверенности" или как предельная частота события в бесконечной случайной последовательности [49].
- The relative likelihood of a particular outcome among all possible outcomes.
- Likelihood that an event may occur, expressed as a number between 0 and 1.
Probability algorithm, английский
Вероятностный алгоритм probability-analysys compaction уплотнение (данных) на основе вероятностного анализа
Probability analysis, английский
Systematic procedure for describing and/or calculating the probability of a future event.
Probability and impact matrix, английский
A common way to determine whether a risk is considered low, moderate, or high by combining the two dimensions of a risk, its probability of occurrence, and its impact on objectives if it occurs.
Probability assessment, английский
The process of obtaining probabilities to represent a degree of uncertainty or of belief is referred to as probability assessment. if there are physical models or data, they can be used to estimate the values in a models. often, however, the probabilities need to be specified by an individual or group. there are a wide variety of techniques for evoking these probabilities, using some form of imagination of possible data, analogous reasoning, or estimation of "fair" betting odds. these can lead to sets of distributions for the probabilities and, hence, to quasi-bayesian models see also: bayesian network, quasi-bayesian theory.
Probability based disclosures (approximate or exact), английский
Sometimes although a fact is not disclosed with certainty, the published data can be used to make a statement that has a high probability of being correct.
Probability calculation, английский
Теория вероятностей; исчисление вероятностей
Probability calculus, английский
Исчисление вероятностей
Probability density, английский
Плотность вероятности
Probability density function, английский
- The chance that a continuous random variable is in any range of values can be calculated as the area under a curve over that range of values. the curve is the probability density function of the random variable. that is, if x is a continuous random variable, there is a function f(x) such that for every pair of numbers a≤b,
- For continuous variables, the probability distribution is defined over intervals or sets. the most common definition is via the cumulative probability distribution, or its derivative, the probability density function. see also: cumulative probability distribution.
- The function that describes the change of certain realizations for a continuous random variable.
Probability density function (pdf), английский
Probability density function., английский
The chance that a continuous random variable is in any range of values can be calculated as the area under a curve over that range of values. the curve is the probability density function of the random variable. that is, if x is a continuous random variab
Probability distribution, английский
- The probability distribution of a random variable specifies the chance that the variable takes a value in any subset of the real numbers. (the subsets have to satisfy some technical conditions that are not important for this course.) the probability distribution of a random variable is completely characterized by the cumulative probability distribution function; the terms sometimes are used synonymously. the probability distribution of a discrete random variable can be characterized by the chance that the random variable takes each of its possible values. for example, the probability distribution of the total number of spots s showing on the roll of two fair dice can be written as a table:
- Распределение вероятности
- A table or algorithm for associating a probability value with a state of a system. by convention, the values are all greater than or equal to zero, and their total for the entire system is one. for example, a probability distribution for a fair six-sided die would assign a value of 1/6 to each side. an arbitrary probability distribution would assign any set of six nonnegative numbers to the die, such that their total was one. when the states are indexed by a single variable or key, the distribution is usually referred to as a univariate distribution. when the states are indexed by multiple variables, it is referred to as a multivariate distribution. probability distributions are also characterized as being continuous, discrete, or mixed, depending on whether the variables that are associated with them are continuous, discrete, or mixed. examples would be age, gender, and age crossed with gender. note that age in years, months, weeks, or even days is truly discrete even though they are usually treated as being continuous. see also: multivariate probability distribution, probability, probability density function.
- Распределение вероятностей. распределение, пред-ставляющее вероятность появления некой величины x как функцию x или, в более общем виде, вероятность совместного появления множества случайных величин x1....xp как функцию их величин [23]. t-distribution
- Распределение вероятностей. см. distribution (распределение).
- Распределение вероятностей. распределение, представляющее вероятность появления некой величины x как функцию x или, в более общем виде, вероятность совместного появления множества случайных величин x1....xp как функцию их величин [23].
- A function that describes all the values a random variable can take and the probability associated with each. also called a probability function.
Probability distribution function, английский
Probability for error detection, ped, английский
A performance characteristic of a qc procedure that describes how often an analytical run will be rejected when results contain errors in addition to the inherent imprecision of the measurement procedure. ideally, ped should be 1.00 for errors that are medically significant. in practice, we generally aim for a ped of 0.90 when selecting and designing qc procedures.
Probability for false rejection, pfr, английский
A performance characteristic of a qc procedure that describes how often an analytical run will be rejected when there are no errors occurring, except for the inherent imprecision of the measurement procedure. ideally, pfr should be 0.00. in practice, we generally aim for a pfr of 0.05 or less.
Probability function, английский
- Функция вероятности. функция дискретных случайных вели-чин, характеризующая вероятность появления определенного значения.
- Функция вероятности. функция дискретных случайных величин, характеризующая вероятность появления определенного значения.
- A measure that assigns a likelihood of occurrence to each and every possible outcome.
Probability histogram, английский
A probability histogram for a random variable is analogous to a histogram of data, but instead of plotting the area of the bins proportional to the relative frequency of observations in the class interval, one plots the area of the bins proportional to the probability that the random variable is in the class interval.
Probability histogram., английский
A probability histogram for a random variable is analogous to a histogram of data, but instead of plotting the area of the bins proportional to the relative frequency of observations in the class interval, one plots the area of the bins proportional to th
Probability limit, английский
Вероятностный предел
Distribution, английский
- Распределение. размещение.
- Распределение - рыночный процесс, при котором крупные рыночные трейдеры в основном продают бумаги мелким трейдерам;
- The distribution of a set of numerical data is how their values are distributed over the real numbers. it is completely characterized by the empirical distribution function. similarly, the probability distribution of a random variable is completely characterized by its probability distribution function. sometimes the word "distribution" is used as a synonym for the empirical distribution function or the probability distribution function. if two or more random variables are defined for the same experiment, they have a joint probability distribution.
- Refers to the spread and shape of a frequency curve of some variable. a histogram is one way to graphically display the distribution of test results by showing the frequency of observations on the y-axis versus the magnitude on the x-axis. the normal or gaussian curve is one form of a distribution.
- Распределение
- Торговля; сфера обращения; распределение
- A way to limit where your usenet postings go. handy for such things as for sale messages or discussions of regional politics.
- The movement of freshly mixed concrete toward the point of placement, either by motorized tools or by hand. distribution-bar reinforcement, distribution
- N дистрибуция complementary ~ дополнительная дистрибу- ция, отношение дополнительности5 contrastive ~ контрастная, контрастирущая дистрибуция non-contrastive ~ неконтрастная, неконтра- стирущая дистрибуция distribution(al)
- Распределение dna (deoxyribonucleic acid)
- Распределение. 1. распределение данных. данные могут иметь определенную форму (вид) распределения, которая зависит от их характеристик. например, рост имеет нормальное распределение (см. normal distribution), а результаты метания игральных костей следуют равномерному (случайному) распределению. 2. распределение (распространение) вещества и его метаболитов в организме после применения препарата. обычно описывается с помощью объема распределения (см. volume of distribution) и свободной фракции.
- Diamond pattern
- A payout of cash or property from a corporation to a shareholder.
- Распределение; размещение; распространение; разводка (труб) ~ of bending stresses over the cross
- Распределение. ранжирование значений переменной от наименьшего до наибольшего и результирующая совокупность характеристик или показателей, выстроенных в виде графика [20]. плотность распределения, например, показывает возможные значения параметра в зависимости от числа появлений каждого значения в выборке или совокупности. во многих случаях это характеризует разброс единич-ных значений выборки или совокупности вокруг среднего значения.
- The delivery of electricity to the retail customer’s home or business through low voltage distribution lines.
- The spatial range of a species, usually on a geographic but sometimes on a smaller scale, or the arrangement or spatial pattern of a species over its habitat. • food resources will lead to this distribution. d. over space: • altitude: species diversity less abundant in higher than lower altitudes. • latitude: ecosystems are more complex in equatorial regions than in higher latitudes (poles) • scale: the greater the sample the better interpretability. • spatial: • aggregated or clump d.: individuals form one or more clumps, attracted to areas with the greatest availability of food or shelter and avoiding less hospitable terrain. • random d.: individual spacing would be determined by chance. • regular or uniform spacing d.: individuals may also be drawn together by some social interaction, such as mating or parental care. in other cases, antagonistic interactions between individuals or scarce d. over time: • habitat: (see there). • succession (see there).
- The transport of low voltage electricity. this connects the transmission network with the majority of electricity consumers. the process is overseen by a distribution network operator. management of distribution is a natural monopoly due to the economies of scale inherent to it. reeep / sustainable energy regulation network – august 2004 - revised september 2010 4
- The set of values of a variable together with the probabilities (->probability) associated with each. a tabulation of the frequencies of tokens by types.
- The process of managing the flow of goods and services from the producer to the customer.
- Распределение. ранжирование значений переменной от наименьшего до наибольшего и результирующая совокупность характеристик или показателей, выстроенных в виде графика [20]. плотность распределения, например, показывает возможные значения параметра в зависимости от числа появлений каждого значения в выборке или совокупности. во многих случаях это характеризует разброс единичных значений выборки или совокупности вокруг среднего значения.
- The act or process of delivering electric energy from convenient points on the transmission system (usually a substation) to consumers.
- Выплата дивидендов
Conditions, английский
- The terms of surrender.
- Обстоятельства; условия; режим
- Грузовая устойчивость ~ of crane during lifting operations грузовая устойчивость крана ~ of geometrical shape геометрическая неизменяемость ~ of slope устойчивость откоса ~ of volume постоянство объёма
- Наблюдения за работой сооружений в условиях эксплуатации
- Работа конструкции в условиях эксплуатационных нагрузок
- A set of specified constraints and parameters that are part of the rights group bundled into a rights label. these are enforced at the time of consumption.
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Symmetric distribution., английский
The probability distribution of a random variable x is symmetric if there is a number a such that the chance that x≥a+b is the same as the chance that x≤a-b for every value of b. a list of numbers has a symmetric distribution if there
Poisson distribution., английский
The poisson distribution is a discrete probability distribution that depends on one parameter, m. if x is a random variable with the poisson distribution with parameter m, then the probability that x = k is
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