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Transaction costs
| Глоссарий экономических терминов |
- Any costs paid on top of the agreed price in an economic exchange. transaction costs include the costs of searching for an appropriate exchange opportunity, negotiating a contract and enforcing it. they also contain supplementary payments like tariffs or ad hoc taxes and the opportunity costs of time wasted in dealing with bureaucracy
- All costs associated with buying and selling a good or service. these costs include determining the quality of the good and monitoring its performance characteristics.
- Операционные издержки
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Затраты по сделке, русский
Транзакционные издержки, русский
- Для совершения сделки)
- Все издержки, связанные с продажей и покупкой товара или услуги. данные издержки включают в себя определение качества товара и мониторинг его технических характеристик.
Стоимость оформления сделки, русский
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Cost, английский
- Of activities, both direct and indirect, involving any negative impact, including money, time, labour, disruption, goodwill, political and intangible losses
- Стоимость, выраженная в деньгах или ресурсах;
- Себестоимость (в смп) ;издержки; затраты (в снс) в отношении совокупности; «себестоимость» в снс используется лишь применительно к отдельным продуктам; стоимость, см. value; price
- Purchase price paid for property or the value of the exchange for which property is given.
- See: utility. cottrel-munro-zipser technique see: principal components analysis.
- Издержки
- The consumption of resources such as labour time, capital, materials, fuels, etc. as the consequence of an action. in economics, all resources are valued at their opportunity cost, which is the value of the most valuable alternative use of the resources. costs are defi ned in a variety of ways and under a variety of assumptions that affect their value. the negative of costs are benefi ts and often both are considered together, for example, net cost is the difference between gross costs and benefi ts. private costs are carried by individuals, companies or other entities that undertake the action. social costs include additionally the external costs for the environment and for society as a whole, for example, damage costs of impacts on ecosystems, economies and people due to climate change. total cost includes all costs due to a specifi c activity; average (unit, specifi c) cost is total costs divided by the number of units generated; marginal or incremental cost is the cost of the last additional unit. project costs of a renewable energy project include investment cost (costs, discounted to the starting year of the project, of making the renewable energy device ready to commence production); operation and maintenance (o&m) costs (which occur during operation of the renewable energy facility); and decommissioning costs (which occur once the device has ceased production to restore the state of the site of production). lifecycle costs include all of the above discounted to the starting year of a project. levelized cost of energy (see annex ii) is the unique cost price of the outputs (us cent/kwh or usd/gj) of a project that makes the annex i glossary, acronyms, chemical symbols and prefi xes present value of the revenues (benefi ts) equal to the present value of the costs over the lifetime of the project. see also discounting and present value. there are many more categories of costs labelled with names that are often unclear and confusing, for example, installation costs may refer to the hardware equipment installed, or to the activities to put the equipment in place. cost–benefi t analysis: monetary measurement of all negative and positive impacts associated with a given action. costs and benefi ts are compared in terms of their difference and/or ratio as an indicator of how a given investment or other policy effort pays off seen from the society’s point of view. cost-effectiveness analysis: a reduction of cost–benefi t analysis in which all the costs of a portfolio of projects are assessed in relation to a fi xed policy goal. the policy goal in this case represents the benefi ts of the projects and all the other impacts are measured as costs or as negative costs (benefi ts). the policy goal can be, for example, realizing particular renewable energy potentials.
Cost, английский
Coût;prix de revient
Cost, английский
Cost, английский
Cost (o), английский
Rib
Cost -, английский
Договор с оплатой фактических затрат [издержек]
Cost accounting, английский
- Калькуляция
- Калькулирование себестоимости; калькуляция себестоимости
- Аналитический бухгалтерский учет, калькуляция стоимости
- Ведение отчетности; исчисление стоимости cost-based budgets расходная часть бюджета cost-based optimizer оптимизатор доступа к базе данных; оптимизатор, использующий метод наименьшей стоимости cost-benefit analysis анализ по критерию "затраты-выгода" cost-benefit indicator коэффициент затрат и выгод cost-benefit ratio отношение "затраты-выгода"
- The branch of accounting concerned with identifying and evaluating the cost of producing a product.
- A branch of accounting that provides information to help the management of a firm evaluate production costs and efficiency.
- Коммерческий расчет
Cost accountings production on profit-and-loee basis; self-support, английский
Cost accumulation method, английский
The method used to classify and allocate transformation costs.
Cost activity, английский
Оплачиваемая работа
Cost adjustment, английский
On a construction project, a change (for any reason) in the total contract cost which is agreed to by the owner, the architect, and the contractor. cost-benefit analysis an analysis of a construction contract with the objective of identifying all the included costs and evaluating their benefits.
Cost adjustment amount, английский
The sum of the differences between the original purchase price of the goods and the final price, which includes any additional item charges, revaluation, or rounding amounts.
Cost allocation, английский
- Распределение затрат
- Отнесение затрат
Cost analysis, английский
Стоимостный анализ применяется для оценки стоимости полной или частичной иммунизации одного ребенка или взрослого, а также программы иммунизации в целом.
Cost and freight, английский
- Цена, включающая стоимость и фрахт
- Cfr
Cost and freight (cfr), английский
Seller is responsible for the payment of freight to carry goods to a named destination, as agreed with the buyer. this should be used with ocean shipments only, as the point where risk and responsibility pass from seller to buyer is the rail of the carrying vessel.
Cost and freight (incoterms), английский
Стоимость и фрахт
Cost and freight, c.&f.,c.&f., английский
Стоимость [издержки] и фрахт; каф... (название согласованного порта назначения). разновидность базисных условий поставки (продажи), применяемых при морских перевозках грузов: в цену реализуемого сырья (нефти, газа, угля и т.п.) включаются расходы по его п
Cost and freight, с.&f., английский
Cost and operational effectiveness analysis, английский
Анализ стоимости и боевой эффективности (системы оружия)
Cost approach, английский
Подход к решению задачи с помощью стоимостного сетевого графика
Transaction, английский
- Любое событие в результате которого происходит изменение финансовой позиции организации в ходе её обычной работы. примером транзакции является осуществление покупки с помощью кредитной карты.
- (транзакция) соглашение между покупателем и продавцом, для продажи актива;
- Операция открытия/закрытия позиции.
- Экономическая операция (в снс; элементарный акт хозяйственной деятельности, совершаемый между хозяйственными единицами: производство, капиталовложения, потребление и др.; операции могут быть односторонними и двусторонними, капитальными и текущими, товарными и нетоварными, фактическими и условными, расчетными)
- A transaction is a digitally signed message authorizing some particular action associated with the blockchain. in a currency, the dominant transaction type is sending currency units or tokens to someone else; in other systems actions like registering domain names, making and fulfilling trade offers and entering into contracts are also valid transaction types.
- A data manipulation action processed by a database.
- A physical economic exchange action.
- A social economic exchange action.
- An event or condition that is recorded in asset, liability, expense, revenue, and/or equity accounts. sales to customers or purchases from vendors are examples of transactions.
- The pairing of two or more actions that are performed together as a single action; the action succeeds or fails as a whole.
- The posting or registration of a change on a document or a journal line.
- The delivery of a security by a seller and its acceptance by the buyer.
- Операция
- Language use to achieve ends rather than maintain social relationships.
- Information that entrance transfers to another computer system, either directly (via dll or other interface) or by saving it in a transfer file.
Appropriate, английский
Подходящий; соответствующий
Opportunity, английский
A potential revenue-generating event, or sale to an account, that needs to be tracked through a sales process to completion.
Supplementary, английский
- Дополнительный (о частоте)
- A дополнитель- ный, добавочный morpheme suppletion n супплетивизм suppletive a супплетивный alternant, form suprafix n супрафикс3 suprasegmental a супрасегментный suprasentential a сверхфразовый unit
Bureaucracy, английский
Ideal type of a formal organization in society, characterized by a hierarchical legitimation of authority with powers and responsibility assigned to the offices rather then to the salaried employees occupying positions in this hierarchy. a rational differentiation of goal-oriented activities and behaviors assigning functions to each office or position, and a codification of legal rules of conduct, of written communications, records, documents and contracts regulating and maintaining the organization as a whole (weber).
Associated, английский
- Соответствующий; связанный; присоединенный
- Experiencing through your own senses (seeing through your own eyes, hearing with your own ears, feeling with your own feelings.)
Determining, английский
Определение о ~ reactions
Monitoring, английский
- Контроль
- Контроль; контрольный; контролирующий
- The regular examination and recording of a person’s temperature, weight, blood pressure and other essential indicators
- Постоянное наблюдение; мониторинг, плановый постоянный сбор и анализ информации, направленный на выявление изменений в ситуации и состоянии здоровья населения с целью достижения поставленных задач. monitor mark indicator, syn. cold chain monitor card, vaccine cold chain monitor card
- Мониторинг. нс: деятельность, заключающаяся в контроле за ходом клинического исследования, обеспечении его проведения, сбора данных и представления результатов в соответствии с протоколом, стандартными операционными процедурами, надлежащей клинической практикой (gcp) и нормативными требованиями.
- Постоянное наблюдение; мониторинг, плановый постоянный сбор и анализ информации, направленный на выявление изменений в ситуации и состоянии здоровья населения с целью достижения поставленных задач.
- Контроль, мониторинг (непрерывное наблюдение переменной); дистанционный диспетчерский контроль; управление
- The act of periodically observing or reviewing the functioning and proficiency of a laboratory or a certification program. (nvlap) 16
- Мониторинг. в гигиене окружающей среды — повторяющееся и непрерывное наблюдение, измерение и оценка данных о состоянии здоровья населения и/или данных об окружающей среде и технических данных в соответствии с заранее установленным графиком в определенных пунктах и в определенные периоды времени с использованием сопоставимых методов измерения и сбора данных (предлагаемая дефиниция).
- Listening to an audio signal with a monitor.
- Listening in on telephone conversations between others. can be used for legal administrative purposes.
- A teacher activity of two sorts:
Performance, английский
- Показатель деятельности. степень эффективности деятельности. производительность.
- (технические или летные) характеристики
- A way in which something works the doctors are not satisfied with the performance of the transplanted heart.
- N 1 действие; актив- ность; 2 употребление (н. хомский, см. тж. competence 2) linguistic ~ употребление языка, языковая активность (н. хомский, см. тж. linguistic competence) 1 стихотворный размер. 2 обозначающий действие, уже законченное по отношению к данному. performative a перформативный | n тра пер- форматив3 verb
- Эксплуатационные качества, ходовые качества
- Exhibition of gaits or other required routines.
- Microsoft edge developer tool to profile a web page frame rate. this tool helps you see what is happening behind the scenes when your pages are slowing down.
- The degree to which a product or service executes its specified function.
- Результаты деятельности
- A term contrasted with competence which refers to the speaker`s actual language production.
Characteristics, английский
- The distinguishing qualities of a navigation aid or buoy, including shape and color, whether fixed or flashing, and flashing sequence.
- A high-performance fiber with high chemical resistance that does not burn in air. it has no melting point and does not drip when exposed to flame. the fiber and fabrics from pbi retain their flexibility, dimensional stability, and significant strength without embrittlement even when exposed to flame or extreme heat. the fiber emits little smoke in extreme conditions. it processes well on conventional textile equipment, having processing characteristics similar to polyester. it can be used in 100% form or blended with other fibers. it has a high moisture regain and low modulus with comfort properties similar to cotton. the natural color of pbi is a gold-khaki shade, but it can be dyed to almost any medium to dark shade with conventional basic dyes.
- Acetate fabrics are in appearance fast-drying, wrinkle and shrinkage resistant, crisp or soft in hand depending upon the end use.
- Although modacrylics are similar to acrylics in properties and application, certain important differences exist. modacrylics have superior resistance to chemicals and combustion, but they are more heat sensitive (lower safe ironing temperature) and have a higher specific gravity (less cover).
- Although the properties of the nylons described above vary in some respects, they all exhibit excellent strength, flexibility, toughness, elasticity, abrasion resistance, washability, ease of drying, and resistance to attack by insects and microorganisms.
- Because acrylic fibers are thermoplastic, fabrics may be heat-set for wrinkle resistance and to provide permanency to pleats. acrylic fabrics have low moisture absorbency and dry relatively quickly. in general, acrylic fibers are resistant to the degrading effects of ultraviolet rays in sunlight and to a wide range of chemicals and fumes. they provide warmth in fabrics that are lightweight, soft, and resilient. acrylic fibers have relatively poor flame resistance compared with other fibers. some acrylic fabrics, particularly knit types, approximate the hand of fine wool. because of the composition and cross section of the fiber, fabrics made therefrom have a high bulk to weight ratio. this is further enhanced with the so-called “high bulk” spun yarns.
- Glass fiber is incombustible and will tolerate heat up to 1000°f without material damage. potential strength is not realized in woven fabrics or even in yarns, because the fiber is brittle and fracture points may develop, but nevertheless, very high tensile strength is obtained in woven fabrics, and is retained at elevated temperatures. the fiber originally was difficult to color but methods have been developed to accomplish this. moisture absorption is low. electrical and insulation resistance is high.
- Polychlal fibers have a soft, lamb’s wool-like hand and moderate moisture regain. the fibers are also characterized by high flame resistance and high abrasion resistance.
- Polyester fibers have high strength and are resistant to shrinking and stretching. fabrics are quick drying and tend to have wrinkle resistance and crease retention, wet and dry. polyester is used alone and in blends. it has been one of the first fibers to be developed in fabrics with durable-press features.
- Polyethylene fibers have a low specific gravity, extremely low moisture regain, the same tensile strength wet and dry, and are resistant to attack by mildew and insects. these qualities have made polyethylene fiber suitable for industrial applications, geotextiles, outdoor furniture, and similar applications. polyethylene fiber does not dye, and in most cases, it is colored by the addition of pigments and dyes to the material prior to spinning. it has a low melting point, a property that has restricted its use in apparel.
- Polypropylene fibers have a number of advantages over polyethylene fibers in the field of textile applications. the degree of crystallinity, 72 to 75%, results in a fiber that is strong and resilient, and does not fibrillate like high-density polyethylene. polypropylene has a high work of rupture, which indicates a tough fiber, and may be made with tenacities as high as 8.0 to 8.5 grams per denier. the melting point of polypropylene is 165°c, which is low by comparison with nylon or polyester, but is high enough to make it suitable for most textile applications. so light that it actually floats, polypropylene fiber provides greater coverage per pound than any other fiber. it is highly resistant to mechanical abuse and chemical attack.
- Rayon yarns are made in a wide range of types in regard to size, physical characteristics, strength, elongation, luster, handle, suppleness, etc. they may be white or solution dyed. strength is regulated by the process itself and the structure of the yarn. (also see polynosic fiber.) luster is reduced by including delustering materials, such as titanium dioxide pigments, in the fiber when it is extruded. the suppleness of the yarn is controlled by the number of filaments in the yarn, the denier or gauge of the individual filaments or fibers, and the fiber cross-section.
- Spandex is lighter in weight, more durable, and more supple than conventional elastic threads and has between two and three times their restraining power. spandex is extruded in a multiplicity of fine filaments which immediately form a monofilament. it can be repeatedly stretched over 500% without breaking and still recover instantly to its original length. it does not suffer deterioration from oxidation as is the case with fine sizes of rubber thread, and it is not damaged by body oils, perspiration, lotions, or detergents.
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Затраты по сделке, русский
Торговые финансовые активы или обязательства, предназначенные для торговли, русский
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