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Bounty mutiny
| Морской словарь |
Thanks to novelists and hollywood, this event is popularly believed to have been a reaction to the cruel behavior of a despotic shipmaster. in fact, lieutenant bligh tended to scold when other captains would have flogged, and to flog when others would have hanged. he only imposed one sentence on the outward journey, writing in the log, “until this afternoon i had hoped i could have performed this voyage without punishment to anyone.” he was uncommonly concerned with the physical health of his men, but he had little empathy for their sensitivities, his temper was ferocious, and his tonguelashings became legendary. the public insults of a captain who had long been his personal friend deeply bootneck 50 affected master’s mate fletcher christian, who was already psychologically disturbed by having to leave his tahitian wife-mistress. he planned to desert but at the last minute instigated mutiny instead. see also bligh.
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Bounty, английский
- A reward or cash payment given by a government. (pp. 271, 508)
- A sum of money given by government, authorized by act of parliament or royal proclamation, to men who voluntarily enter into the army or navy; and the widow of such volunteer seaman killed or drowned in the service was entitled to a bounty equal to a year`s pay.
- [1] a premium or reward offered by a government for specific actions. [2] an incentive to enlistment. [3] a death benefit paid to widows of seamen.
- Вознаграждение, выдаваемое властями за выполнение полезного обществу задания: уничтожение хищников, выращивание полезных злаков и проч. денежное пособие при добровольном поступлении на военную службу
Bounty hunter, английский
Охотник, истребляющий вредных животных с целью получить вознаграждение
Mutiny, английский
- Revolt or determined disobedience of regular authority by soldiers or sailors, and punishable with death. shakspeare makes hamlet sleep
- Organized and open revolt against constituted authority, especially by soldiers or seamen against their officers. mutiny becomes piracy when it is followed or accompanied by the seizure of physical assets, including the vessel. see batavia, bounty, hermione, and somersmutinies; great mutiny, and rin mutiny.
Shipmaster, английский
- The captain, commander, or padrone of a vessel. (see master.)
- An officer in command of, or certificated to command, a merchant vessel. also sea captain.
Lieutenant, английский
[1] a deputy or substitute (latin locum tenens = in place of ). [2] a junior naval or military officer. [3] used in combination with another military title denotes an officer of the next lower rank (e.g., lieutenant-general). this is one of the oldest military titles, and in naval use can be traced back to the twelfth century when a sailing master had full command of the ship, while the captain was responsible for embarked soldiers, with a non-commissioned lieutenant as his military deputy. by about 1580 the captain had assumed command of the ship, with the master as a subordinate responsible for shiphandling and navigation. the lieutenant was expected to replace the captain in case of death or incapacitation, but was still non-commissioned, being appointed with no official rank. some 50 years later, naval lieutenants had evolved beyond their purely military role to become professional commissioned sea officers. in about 1677, shortly after his appointment as secretary of the admiralty, samuel pepys introduced formal examinations which had to be passed to qualify for a third lieutenant’s commission. thereafter advancement depended entirely on seniority. third and second lieutenants each had specific shipboard duties in addition to their prime responsibilities of standing watch and commanding a division of guns in battle (see separate entry for first lieutenant). in the days of rated warships, a first-rate normally carried seven to nine lieutenants (one first, one or two seconds, and five or six thirds). the complement diminished with the vessel’s rating (for example a third-rate had five lieutenants, while a sixth rate had only two). nowadays, a naval lieutenant is senior to lieutenant (jg) or sublieutenant, and junior to lieutenant commander. at its inception in 1775, the continental navy essentially adopted the then current royal navy rank structure, including that of lieutenant (see table 15). an army or marine lieutenant is senior to second lieutenant and junior to captain. pronunciation is loo-tenant in america. until world war ii all british commonwealth navies said let-enant, but the influx of temporary non-career officers overwhelmed that tradition and substituted the army’s lef-tenant, the former pronunciation being retained only by the canadian armed forces maritime command. lieutenant-at-arms: formerly, a warship’s most junior lieutenant, responsible for assisting the master- at-arms in training seamen to handle small arms.
Punishment, английский
- The execution of the sentence against an offender, as awarded by a court-martial, or adjudged by a superior officer.
- Rules of conduct and penalties for flouting them are essential to all forms of society, especially so in ships at sea, which were historically independent of land-based authority, giving ship captains unfettered power over their crews. the earliest extant english-language laws and punishments are the ordinances or usages of the sea promulgated in 1190 by richard lionheart (who himself spoke little or no english) for the english crusader fleet. in part, these stated: he who kills a man on shipboard, shall be bound to
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Bouquet mine, английский
An anti-minesweeping device, consisting of a sinker or anchor with a number of buoyant mines attached. one is raised to a pre-determined depth, while the others are held near the bottom. if the mooring of the raised one is cut, or the mine is detonated, another rises from the sinker to take its place.
Bounded sea, английский
Any sea space surrounded by land with restricted entry and exit routes and limited operating space.
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