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Upward closure
| Глоссарий по искусственному интеллекту |
A collection of sets is upwardly closed with respect to a property if, when a set p has a property, all sets containing p have that property. an example would be a dependency in a market basket analysis. once a set of items are known to be dependent, any larger set containing those items is also known to be dependent. see also: dependence rule, downward closure. ur-resolution ur-resolution is an inference rule that can be used in automated reasoning systems. it focuses on two or more clauses, requiring that one of the clauses (the nucleus) contain at least two literals and the remaining (the satellites) contain exactly one literal. briefly, a conclusion is yielded if a unifier (substitution of terms) for variables can be found that, when applied, makes identical (except for being opposite in sign) pairs of literals, one literal from the nucleus with one from a satellite. the conclusion is yielded by, ignoring the paired literals, applying the unifier simultaneously to the nucleus and the satellites and taking the union of the resulting literals. see also: hyperresolution.
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Closure, английский
- Any structure or device designed to close off the opening of a container and prevent loss of its contents. example of closures can be found on the closure index page.
- Закрытие; крышка; торцевая перегородка [стенка]
- N закрытость
- The difference in the relative position of the bottom and the collar of a borehole expressed in horizontal distance in a specific compass direction.
- If r is a binary relationship and p is some property, then the closure of r with respect to p is the smallest binary relation that contains r and satisfies p. for example, with a set a= {a,b,c,d} and a relationship r= {, , }, the transitive closure of r adds the three pairs {, , } to r.
- A transformation is closed if its range is contained in its domain. a system is closed if it provides its own explanation and no references to an input are required. circularity is fundamental to most notions of closure. ~
- Process by which a person cognitively completes patterns or shapes that are incompletely perceived.
- Процесс, посредством которого человек когнитивно завершает узоры или формы, которые не полностью воспринимаются.
- Process by which a person cognitively completes patterns or shapes that are incompletely perceived. cobalt-60: radioactive isotope of element cobalt, having half life of 5.3 years and photon energies of 1.17 and 1.33 mev.
Closure -, английский
Соединительный рельс (на стрелочном переводе)
Closure bar, английский
Of a stair, a flat metal bar connected to the top and/or bottom surface or edge of a stringer along a wall; used to close gaps between the stringer and the wall.
Closure brick, английский
Closure domain, английский
Замыкающий домен
Closure height, английский
The overall height of the closure proper. closure height is measured from the closure top to the open end of the closure. closure height can be considered in terms of “inside height” or “outside height.”
Closure lining machine, английский
A high speed, specialized machine using a punch’s die or specialized cutters to automatically cut and insert liners into closures.
Closure meter, английский
Closure plug (lube systems), английский
Removable plug on the end of a bore. cloud point – the temperature at which a cloud or haze of wax crystals appears at the bottom of a sample of lubricating oil in a test jar, when cooled under controlled conditions.
Closure properties, английский
Свойства замыкания
Closure range, английский
Closure removal torque, английский
The amount of force necessary to loosen, open, or remove a closure from a bottle.
Closure skirt, английский
The vertical wall of a closure.
Closure strip, английский
A preformed asphalt or elastomeric filler strip used to close the opening in corrugated sheets at eaves, the lower edge of siding, at window beads, and the like.
Closure stripping torque, английский
The amount of force required to cause the closure and/or bottle finish to distort and override the matching closure-bottle threads.
Closure weld, английский
The final weld performed in a module under tension to achieve the correct stress free temperature. also referred to as closing, heat or final weld.
Closures, английский
A generalization of anonymous functions that assigns values to functional expressions. the function retains the binding context that was current at the time it was created. that context can then be used for references to free variables within the function.
Upward, английский
Upward acting door, английский
Upward arrow, английский
A smartart graphic layout used to show a progression or steps that trend upward in a task, process, or workflow. each of the first five lines of level 1 text corresponds to a point on the arrow. works best with minimal text. unused text does not appear, but remains available if you switch layouts.
Collection, английский
- The accumulation of precipitation into surface and underground areas, including lakes, rivers, and aquifers.
- Прием средств, инкассо, сбор задолженности по кредитам
- Сбор; собирание; коллекция
- A container for organizing clips.
- A customer’s assemblage of digital media, including music, videos, pictures, games, and apps.
- A set of resources in the configuration manager hierarchy.
- A set of thematically related apps, games, music tracks, videos, or other items available for purchase or download in the store. a thematic group of editorially chosen apps and games for merchandising or marketing purposes.
- A type of specialized class in the .net framework for data storage and retrieval. these classes provide support for stacks, queues, lists, and hash tables. most collection classes implement the same interfaces, and these interfaces may be inherited to create new collection classes that fit more specialized data storage needs.
- An export format that maintains a group of images that is generated at export.
- An object that contains a set of related objects. an object’s position in the collection can change whenever a change occurs in the collection; therefore, the position of any specific object in a collection may vary.
- Automatic grouping of user’s photos and videos based on time and place.
- The presentation of a negotiable instrument for payment, or the conversion of any accounts receivable into cash.
- Экзамены в конце семестра в оксфорде
- Инкассо
Containing, английский
Dependency, английский
- Зависимость
- A subsidiary building near or adjoining a principal structure.
- N зависимость grammar 2 производное от имени существительного или прилагательного. 3 согласный звук, являющийся зубным по месту образования. dependent 36 dialect
- Зависимость; взаимосвязь; взаимозависимость dependency-directed backtracking откат с учетом зависимостей
- A directed relationship between two objects, such as components, objects, or features. for example, if feature a depends on feature b, b is a dependency of a.
Dependence, английский
- Зависимость (взаимосвязь, существующая между событием и последующей работой, которая означает, что событие должно свершиться до того, как начнется эта работа; точно такая же зависимость существует между работой и последующим событием)
- A state in which a person is addicted to a drug such as cannabis or alcohol but does not suffer physical effects if he or she stops taking it
- The fact of needing the support of something or someone such as a carer, nurse or doctor, or of being addicted to a drug
- Зависимость
- A set of attributes is said to be dependent if the state of a subset of the attributes affects the (distribution of) the state of the remaining attributes. for two variables, the attributes x and y are dependent if pr(x y) pr(x)pr(y), where pr(.) is a probability measure. if the converse holds (pr(x y)= pr(x)pr(y)), then the attributes are said to be independent.
- The state in which one entity relies upon specific hardware, software, or specific events for its own definition or functionality.
Resolution, английский
- The smallest change in the parameter being measured that causes a detectable change in the output of the instrument.
- Разрешение
- Defines the smallest resolvable object in the target plane at a given range-to-target, atmospheric condition and target signal level ability of a telescope to differentiate between two objects in the sky which are separated by a small angular distance
- The measure of the fine detail that can be seen in an image. for analog systems this is typically measured in television lines or tvl. the higher the tvl rating, the higher the resolution.
- Refers to the degree of detail of an image. it is usually measured in dots per inch (dpi) or lines per inch (lpi). a high resolution gives a high quality image and vice versa.
- The quality of any digital image, whether printed or displayed on a screen, depends in part on its resolution—the number of pixels used to create the image. more and smaller pixels adds detail and sharpens edges. l optical is an absolute number that the camera`s image sensor can physically record. l interpolated adds pixels to the image using complex software algorithms to determine what color they should be. it is important to note that interpolation doesn`t add any new information to the image it just makes it bigger! camera makers often specify the resolution as: qvga (320 x 240), vga (640 x 480), svga (800 x 600), xga (1024 x 768) or uxga (1600 x 1200)
- A measure of picture resolving capabilities of a television system determined primarily by bandwidth, scan rates and aspect ratio. relates to fineness of details perceived.
- The ability to distinguish fine detail or resolve information within an image.
- Refers to the number of pixels, both horizontally and vertically, used to either capture or display an image. the higher the resolution, the finer the image detail will be.
- The quality of any digital image, whether printed or displayed on a screen, depends on its resolution, or the number of pixels used to create the image. more, smaller pixels add detail and sharpen the edges.
- 1. the amount of detail which can be seen in a microscope or on a computer monitor 2. a point in the development of a disease where the inflammation begins to disappear
- Наименьшее расстояние между деталями, обеспечивающее их захват роботом
- Разложение (на составляющие) ~ of forces разложение сил ~ of vector разложение вектора
- Resolution is a rule used in logical inference. it states that if there is an axiom of the form (a or b) and another of the form (not(b) or c), then (a or c) logically follows. see also: modus ponens, modus tollens.
- Разрешающая способность. способность значимо различать близкие значения [28].
- A measure of the fineness of detail in an image or text, usually as produced by a monitor or printer.
- Loosely speaking, the quality of an image. when printing or working with images, the resolution is usually measured in dots per inch (dpi) - the more dots per inch, the higher the quality of the image but the larger the file needed to store it. in windows, the screen resolution is how many- pixels- fit on the desktop, the most popular being 800 x 600 and 1024 x 768 - the former makes images, icons etc look bigger, but the latter means you can fit more of them on the screen.
- The process of translation between a domain name address and an ip address.
- A document that records a decision or action by a board of directors, or a bond resolution by a government entity authorizing a bond issue.
- The number of dots in an image’s screen display or printed output. a monitor’s resolution refers to the number of pixels per linear inch. printed resolution refers to dots per linear inch. (see dpi.)
- The ability to distinguish between two points in an image
- Разрешающая способность. мера способности видеокамеры или телевизионной системы воспроизводить детали. число элементов изображения, которые могут быть воспроизведены с хорошей четкостью.
- Aspect of image quality pertaining to a system’s ability to reproduce objects, often measured by resolving a pair of adjacent objects or parallel lines. see also line pair; resolving power.
- Aspect of image quality pertaining to a system’s ability to depict objects, often measured by distinguishing (resolving) a pair of adjacent objects or parallel lines.
- A system’s ability to depict two objects or signals in close proximity as separate from one another. resolution, or resolving power, varies with size, distance, sensor characteristics, object shape, object color, and contrast. see also line pair; vision acuity.
- An aspect of image quality pertaining to a system’s ability to reproduce objects, often measured by resolving a pair of adjacent objects or parallel lines.6
Satellites, латинский
Conclusion, английский
- Вывод;
- Вывод; умозаключение
Substitution, немецкий
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Downward closure, английский
A collection of sets is downwardly closed with respect to a property if when a set p has the property, all subsets of p also have that property. an example would be in a market basket analysis. if the set of items coffee, "pizza", and ``bread" were known to be independent, then by the nature of independence, the set of coffee and "pizza" would be independent, as would the set of "coffee" and "bread", and the set of "bread" and "pizza". see also: dependence rule, market basket data, upward closure.
Sparse data problem, английский
A common problem for statistical and other empirical learning techniques is the sparse data problem. if the learning is limited to simple frequency counts of "events" in the training sets, the model will always behave poorly on new input that introduces related but "new" events. the more detailed the original model becomes, the more data required to learn (estimate) the various parts of the model; therefore, the amount of data supporting any one part becomes increasingly sparser. practically speaking, this simply means that the input data can rarely cover all possible cases. one approach for dealing with this problem is use of theoretical knowledge to add structure to the empirical model or the use of smoothing techniques to "fill in" the missing data.
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