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Grand-parenting hypothesis
| Глоссарий по геронтологии (Gerontology) |
This is the supposition that is abruptly terminating reproduction at a particular age (menopause) and prolonged survival of human females after menopause may have been selected for because of better success in child-rearing (and hence the survival of the gene pool) when older women focus their resources on the welfare of their grandchildren and thereby increase their likelihood of survival of the tribe, rather than investing energy in producing more and more children of their own, and potentially compromising the reproductive success of their more mature offspring.
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Hypothesis, английский
- A suggested explanation for an observation or experimental result, which is then refined or disproved by further investigation
- Гипотеза
- N гипотеза critical period ~ гипотеза критического периода linguistic relativity ~ гипотеза лингвистиче- ской относительности (син. sapir–whorf ~) localist ~ локалистская гипотеза3 nostratic ~ ностратическая гипотеза sapir–whorf ~ гипотеза сепира–уорфа (син. linguistic relativity ~) single segment ~ гипотеза единого сегмента
- Гипотеза. положение, которое предположительно отражает истину или которое используется как основа для аргументации того, что еще не доказано.
- Гипотеза; предположение; допущение hypothesis-driven управляемый гипотезами
- Гипотеза, предположение
- An assertion, proposition or statement about relations or constraints whose truth-value is as of yet unknown .but in principle determinable by tests involving generally empirical but also logical evidence. hypotheses are generally derived from theories or models and when these theories have some validity of their own, they consititute predictions. l&qh
Hypothesis generator, английский
Генератор гипотез
Hypothesis test, английский
- Проверка гипотезы. метод обратного вывода из данных выборки и переноса вывода на всю популяцию, из которой была сделана выборка.
- Критерий для проверки гипотезы. см. signi. cance test (критерий значимости). hypothesis testing or signi. cance testing
- Критерий для проверки гипотезы. см. signi. cance test (критерий значимости).
Hypothesis testing, английский
- Statistical hypothesis testing is formalized as making a decision between rejecting or not rejecting a null hypothesis, on the basis of a set of observations. two types of errors can result from any decision rule (test): rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true (a type i error), and failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is false (a type ii error). for any hypothesis, it is possible to develop many different decision rules (tests). typically, one specifies ahead of time the chance of a type i error one is willing to allow. that chance is called the significance level of the test or decision rule. for a given significance level, one way of deciding which decision rule is best is to pick the one that has the smallest chance of a type ii error when a given alternative hypothesis is true. the chance of correctly rejecting the null hypothesis when a given alternative hypothesis is true is called the power of the test against that alternative.
- A statistical technique for evaluation of hypotheses or conjectures about unobserved or unobservable numerical properties of a population. the statistic that measures the quantity of interest is evaluated, along with its variability, on a sample of the data from the population, and compared to the range of values consistent with one of the hypotheses. in classical frequentist hypothesis testing, if the value is rare or unusual, the hypothesis is rejected.
Hypothesis testing or signi. cance testing, английский
Проверка гипотезы или проверка значимости. процесс оценки статистической значимости полученных данных. он включает сравнение эмпирически полученных данных выборки с теоретически ожидаемыми данными в том случае, когда основная гипотеза верна (cм. signi. cance test (критерий значимости)). такое сравнение позволяет рассчитать вероятность того, что наблюдаемые результаты могли иметь случайный характер [33]. см. nonparametric test (непараметрическое испытание).
Hypothesis testing., английский
Statistical hypothesis testing is formalized as making a decision between rejecting or not rejecting a null hypothesis, on the basis of a set of observations. two types of errors can result from any decision rule (test): rejecting the null hypothesis when
Hypothesis [is, f], латинский
Hypothesis, eos / is f (gr), opinatio, onis, f, opinio, onis, f, propositum, i, n, positio, onis, f, conjectura, ae, f, латинский
Hypothesize, английский
- Формировать
- Строить гипотезу; формулировать гипотезу
Hypothesizer, английский
Блок построения гипотез
Hypothesizer sentence, английский
Блок построения гипотез о распознаваемых фразах
Supposition, английский
Предположение
Terminating, английский
Terminating a fiber is accomplished through preparing the fiber for connection to another fiber or device such as a connector. the goal when terminating is to produce a perfect end to the fiber. the end should be cleanly cut, clear and physically connected to the receiving optical device. this can be accomplished through two means; permanently joining the fibers by welding or gluing the ends of the fiber together, or mechanically aligning the fibers and joining them with transparent gel.
Reproduction, английский
- Reproducción
- The process of making new living beings by existing ones, e.g. producing children or derived other descendants
- ->copying, ->self-reproduction
- Reproduction means the making of a copy (copies) of a work or an object of related rights in any means and in any material form, including permanent or temporary storage of a work or an object of related rights, in whole or in part, in an electronic or other form.
- A replica of an original piece.
Particular, английский
A частный; конкретный grammar partitioned a разделённый на части sequence 1 одна из базовых операций компьютерной обработки текстов; в каче- стве данных берутся текст либо сегмент текста, грамматика и цель разбора, а на выходе получается удовлетворяющее цели множество значений категориальной отнесённости сегментов в виде, например, дерева разбора. 2 применяется запоминание также и гипотез, выдвигаемых при разбо- ре, и результатов их проверки – м. кэй. 3 используется, в частности, для разбора арифметических выражений. partitioning n членение sentence ~ членение предложений (напр., при переводе )
Likelihood, английский
- Вероятность. правдоподобие.
- Правдоподобие; вероятность
- In probabilistic and statistical methods, the likelihood is a measure of the evidence for the data when a hypothesis is assumed to be true. it is commonly used in bayesian and quasi-bayesian techniques. a related measure, minimum message length, can be derived from information theoretic principles. as an example, suppose you observe a data value x that is assumed to be gaussian. the likelihood for that data when the assumed mean is, say, 5, and the variance is 10, is proportional to e-((x-5)2/2*10), the kernel of a gaussian distribution. a likelihood is typically calculated using the kernel, rather than the complete distribution function, which includes the normalizing constants. see also: minimum message length.
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Haploid cell, английский
A cell with half the normal complement of chromosomes, typically a germ cell.
Grandparent, английский
A role that an older person assumes when their children have children of their own.
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