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Bugle calls
| Ìîðñêîé ñëîâàðü |
In the 16th century english army, trumpets were used for cavalry commands and drums for infantry, but gradually the bugle took over from the latter (a royal marines bugler is still called a drummer). to avoid confusion between different units, british bugle calls were standardized late in the reign of king george iii. in the united states, some bugle calls were inherited from the british, most were adopted from the french by the continental army, and a few are home-grown. the wide range of bugle calls for command and control are made easier to remember by “mnemonics” (systematic methods for helping the memory when recall is required). in this case, words or rhymes are developed which are both relevant to the activity and have a cadence matching the rhythm of the bugle notes. there may be many calls during a day, but some of the most important are those which begin and end it, known respectively as “reveille” and “last post” (brit.) or “taps” (u.s.). the custom of rousing troops with music goes back to the roman legions who were awakened by horns playing a hymn to the goddess diana—even though english-speaking nations name their wake-up calls after the french word reveiller (to awaken) the french still call theirs “la diana.” music of the american “reveille” was composed in 1890 by john philip sousa, then leader of the marine corps band, to words written by robert j. burdett. the best-known mnemonic phrase comes at the end of each stanza: i can’t get ’em up! i can’t get ’em up! i can’t get ’em up in the morning! i can’t get ’em up! i can’t get ’em up! i can’t get ’em up at all! the british army bugle call which most lay-people call “reveille” is correctly known as “rouse.” the real reveille is seldom played because it is so long. neither of these is played in the royal navy, which uses a third bsa 56 bugle call named for some obscure reason charlie reveille. one royal marine drummer (i.e., bugler) told the author he thought this might be because it is the third wake-up call and charlie is the third letter of the phonetic alphabet. another suggested that the opening mnemonics were originally “charley! charley!” rather than “wakey! wakey!” but no one seems to know for sure. there are numerous unofficial mnemonics, many totally unprintable. the most generally accepted version beginning with: wakey! wakey! time to get out of bed! wakey! wakey! rise up and shine! wakey! wakey! get up and wash yourself! wakey! wakey! lash up and stow! americans mark the end of the day with “taps” which probably got its name either from a british infantry signal for the spigots on beer barrels to be closed (see tattoo) or from the drum tapping which was an alternative to a bugle call. there are conflicting stories about how the current version came about, both set in 1862. one says that union army captain robert ellicombe rescued a mortally-wounded confederate soldier, only to find it was his musician son who had enlisted on the other side without telling his father. in the boy’s pocket were some musical notes he had been working on and ellicombe had them played at the funeral. however, the story generally accepted by the u.s. military says that general daniel butterfield, a brigade commander in the union army of the potomac, found the borrowed french bugle call “l’extinction des feux” too formal and summoned bugler oliver norton to play revisions he had made to an earlier tune. the result was so hauntingly beautiful that it rapidly spread throughout the army, and was even usurped by some confederate units. after the civil war, it was officially adopted by the navy, and is now used by all u.s. armed forces. unofficial mnemonic words are in part: day is done, gone the sun. from the lakes, from the hills, from the sky. all is well, safely rest. god is nigh the british “last post” originated as part of the 17th century tattoo ceremony. as night approached, the duty officer, orderly sergeant, and a drummer-bugler made the rounds of all sentry posts to ensure they were properly manned. when they began, “first post “was sounded on the bugle. the party then went from station to station, accompanied by the beating drum until another bugle call signaled that the “last post” had been reached. unofficial mnemonics begin: come home! come home! the last post is sounding for you to hear all good soldiers know very well there is nothing to fear while they do what is right both the “last post” and “taps” are “closure music,” and have been widely-used at funerals and remembrance ceremonies. on those occasions, they are often followed, after a moment of silence, by reveille or rouse to symbolize rebirth.
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Bugle, àíãëèéñêèé
Although the boatswain’s call (or pipe) is the principal “sound signal” used on smaller naval vessels, the bugle is traditionally used to convey orders on shore stations and on ships large enough to carry marine detachments. originally called the buglehorn it first appeared in england during the 13th century, and traces its roots to the latin buculus meaning ox or young bull. the modern instrument, which owes its development to the british infantry and came to the navy via the marines, is made of copper or brass with a conical bore of increasing diameter. pitch is controlled by varying the shape of the player’s mouth. the british bugle, introduced in 1870, is twice-coiled, as is the regulation american instrument of 1882. this design is short and easy to handle on shipboard. the high-pitched notes of wind instruments can penetrate the noise of battle, so their use to issue commands has a long history. there are many references to horns and trumpets in the old testament, including (numbers 10:9) “and if ye go to war ... sound an alarm with the trumpets.” at least forty-three signals were used in the roman legions—in de re militari (a.d. 390) vegetius wrote; “the music of the legion consists of trumpets, cornets and buccinae. the trumpet sounds the charge and the retreat ... but in time of action, the trumpets and cornets sound together.” the first reliable record of horn commands in the postclassical era, comes from william of brittany, who wrote of the battle of bouvines in 1214; “the trumpets sounded terrifyingly, inviting the warriors to promptly charge the enemy” (phillipiad xi:64)
Call, àíãëèéñêèé
- Îêëèê
- A peculiar silver pipe or whistle, used by the boatswain and his mates to attract attention, and summon the sailors to their meals or duties by various strains, each of them appropriated to some particular purpose, such as hoisting, heaving, lowering, veering away, belaying, letting go a tackle-fall, sweeping, &c. this piping is as attentively observed by sailors, as the bugle or beat of drum is obeyed by soldiers. the coxswains of the boats of french ships of war are supplied with calls to “in bow oar,” or “of all,” “oars,” &c.
- [1] in the rn, the boatswain’s call or whistle. [2] in the usn, a tune played on that instrument. [3] also in the usn, an informal visit by an officer to another warship. [4] in both rn and usn, a social visit to another officer.
- An option that gives the holder the right to buy the underlying asset.
- Òðåáîâàíèå (î âíåñåíèè âçíîñîâ èëè îá îïëàòå àêöèé)
- Ñóäîçàõîä
Call, àíãëèéñêèé
Call, àíãëèéñêèé
Call a nail, àíãëèéñêèé
Call accepted signal, àíãëèéñêèé
Call accounting, àíãëèéñêèé
Ó÷åò çâîíêîâ; ó÷åò âûçîâîâ
Call address, àíãëèéñêèé
Àäðåñ âûçîâà; àäðåñ îáðàùåíèÿ; âõîäíîé àäðåñ
Call admission control, àíãëèéñêèé
A service that manages media quality over a wide area network (wan) connection by either rerouting traffic or by denying connection requests when bandwidth is approaching saturation.
Call agreement, àíãëèéñêèé
Îïöèîí êîë
Call an option, àíãëèéñêèé
To exercise a call option.
Call answering, àíãëèéñêèé
A voice mail application that answers a call so that a message can be left.
Call appearance/call handling, àíãëèéñêèé
Call attempt, àíãëèéñêèé
Call attempt (by a user), àíãëèéñêèé
Call away, àíãëèéñêèé
Pipe ordering a crew to prepare for a specific evolution such as “call away boat crew,” or “call away working party.”
Call backspread, àíãëèéñêèé
Îáðàòíûé êîëë ñïðýä. áû÷üÿ îïöèîííàÿ ïîçèöèÿ, ñîçäàííàÿ íà îñíîâå ïðîäàæè êîëë îïöèîíà “ïðè äåíüãàõ” èëè “â äåíüãàõ” è ïîêóïêè äâóõ êîëë îïöèîíîâ ñ áîëåå âûñîêîé öåíîé èñïîëíåíèÿ. äàííàÿ ïîçèöèÿ õàðàêòåðèçóåòñÿ íåîãðàíè÷åííûì ïîòåíöèàëîì ïðèáûëè ïðè ðîñòå
Call barring, àíãëèéñêèé
- Çàïðåò âûçîâà.
- A feature that can block incoming and/or outgoing calls.
Call barring password, àíãëèéñêèé
A password that enables access to the call barring feature settings.
Call bell, àíãëèéñêèé
Standardized, àíãëèéñêèé
Continental, àíãëèéñêèé
- Limits, united states ãðàíèöû êîíòèíåíòàëüíîé ÷àñòè ñøà
- Êîíòèíåíòàëüíûé
Systematic, àíãëèéñêèé
Common to all businesses.
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Bull ensign, àíãëèéñêèé
Usn slang for the senior ensign on board (reputedly named after admiral “bull” halsey who assigned specific duties to that officer). see also george ensign.
Bugeye, àíãëèéñêèé
A chesapeake bay oyster dredger, descended from both the log canoe and the baltimore clipper. about 60 feet (18 m) long, with a graceful clipper bow, ample midship section, and sharp stern. it was originally built of nine long logs, but later used frame and planking construction. two tall masts, raked sharply aft, carried sails that were sharp-headed long before marconi rig was introduced.
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