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Weight of evidence
| Глоссарий по искусственному интеллекту |
The weight of evidence is a generic name for measures that score data and hypotheses. several examples include: • log-likelihood ratio the weight for a proposition h provided by evidence e is w(h:e) = log(p(e|h)/p(e|!h)). the latter term is the log of the likelihood ratio. it can also be rewritten as the difference between the log(posterior odds) and the log(prior odds). • belief odds the weight of evidence for a hypothesis h in a belief function is log(plausibility(h)/vagueness(h)). when two hypotheses are being compared, the weight of evidence for h1 against h2 is log(pl(h1|e)/pl(h2|e))-log(pl(h1)/pl(h2)), which generalizes previous definition to include belief functions. see also: likelihood ratio, plausibility.
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Evidence, английский
- Any proof legally presented at trial through witnesses, records, and/or exhibits
- The information that tends to prove or disprove a conclusion. it can be used to establish a fact or to support an argument
- Свидетельство, доказательство
- Доказательство; фактические данные
- The properties of code, such as a digital signature or the zone or site of its origin, that are used by security policy to grant permissions to code. ewm (n)
Evidence, английский
Evidence based, английский
- Основанный на доказательствах evidence-based medicine (ebm)
- Основанный на доказательствах
Evidence flows, английский
In belief networks, evidence flows are used to demonstrate how a particular piece of data alters the weights or probabilities for other conclusions.
Evidence of debt, английский
Долговой документ
Evidence of suitability, английский
Свидетельство о пригодности [о соответствии техническим условиям] exaggeration:
Evidence of title, английский
Документ, подтверждающий право собственности
Evidence suggests, английский
Опыт показывает
Evidence theory, английский
See: belief functions, dempster-shaefer theory. evolutionary algorithm (ea) an evolutionary algorithm (ea) is a general class of fitting or maximization techniques. they all maintain a pool of structures or models that can be mutated and evolve. at every stage in the algorithm, each model is graded and the better models are allowed to reproduce or mutate for the next round. some techniques allow the successful models to crossbreed. they are all motivated by the biologic process of evolution. some techniques are asexual (so, there is no crosspage 99 breeding between techniques) while others are bisexual, allowing successful models to swap ``genetic" information. the asexual models allow a wide variety of different models to compete, while sexual methods require that the models share a common "genetic" code. evolutionary programming (ep) evolutionary programming (ep) is a machine learning (model estimation) technique that generalizes the genetic algorithm (ga) by keeping the evolutionary behavior and dropping the tight link to biologic genetics. it is essentially similar to asexual reproduction, in that each generation is evaluated and the most fit are most likely to reproduce. during reproduction, each "child" model is allowed to mutate. this method focuses less on the internal representation of the model and more on the behavior of the models. it becomes easier to mix diverse types of models in the same mix. note that this technique usually selects the "winners" stochastically rather than deterministically.
Evidence, circumstantial, испанский
Conclusion drawn from proven facts
Evidence-based medicine, английский
- Medical practice where findings from research are used as the basis for decisions
- The practice of medicine with treatment recommendations that have their origin in objective tests of efficacy published in the scientific literature rather than anecdotal observations.
Evidence-based medicine (ebm), английский
Доказательная медицина (дм) или медицина, основанная на доказательствах
Evidence-based program (programming), английский
Weight, английский
- A handicap one player gives another in a money game
- Вес
- 1. how heavy someone or something is what’s the patient’s weight? her weight is only 105 pounds she weighs only 105 pounds to lose weight to get thinner she’s trying to lose weight before she goes on holiday. to put on weight to become fatter he’s put on a lot of weight in the last few months. to gain in weight to become fatter or heavier 2. something which is heavy don’t lift heavy weights, you may hurt your back.
- The weight of leather is measured in ounces per square foot. weft: the set of yarns running horizontally to and interlaced with the warp to produce a woven fabric. also called filling. warp the threads that run vertically in a length of fabric. looms are strung with warp threads that are interwoven with weft threads. welting: fabric-covered cord sewn into upholstery edge seams to firmly define edge. adds strength and finished appearance to seams. welting a fabric-covered cord that is sewn into an upholstery seam. welted edges define the silhouette of a piece of furniture and strengthen the seams. patterned fabric is typically bias-cut for welting. smooth welted seams are a sign of quality upholstery. wet blue leather
- The value of a scorecard element in relation to the values of other elements of the same type.
- Either gross weight, net weight, or tare weight.
- The measurement of a stroke’s width. common names for weights include demibold, light, and bold. some typeface families have several weights, including ultra-bold and extra-light. refers to the heaviness of the stroke for a specific font, such as light, regular, book, demi, heavy, black, and extra bold.
- Масса, вес, тяжесть, груз
- Вес, масса, груз
Weight, английский
Weight - a stack top that significantly restrains the timber in the top racks of the stack. they are often a piece of flat steel or a pre-cast concrete slab the same width and length as the rack., английский
Weight - the weight of wood when all the water has been driven off by heating the wood in an oven., английский
Weight at birth, английский
Weight batching, английский
Measuring the constituent materials for mortar or concrete by weight, rather than by volume.
Weight belt, английский
Weight box, английский
In a window frame, the channel in which the sash weights move up and down. weight pocket, weight space a weight box.
Likelihood, английский
- Вероятность. правдоподобие.
- Правдоподобие; вероятность
- In probabilistic and statistical methods, the likelihood is a measure of the evidence for the data when a hypothesis is assumed to be true. it is commonly used in bayesian and quasi-bayesian techniques. a related measure, minimum message length, can be derived from information theoretic principles. as an example, suppose you observe a data value x that is assumed to be gaussian. the likelihood for that data when the assumed mean is, say, 5, and the variance is 10, is proportional to e-((x-5)2/2*10), the kernel of a gaussian distribution. a likelihood is typically calculated using the kernel, rather than the complete distribution function, which includes the normalizing constants. see also: minimum message length.
Proposition, английский
- N лог., лнгв. сужде- ние, пропозиция3 affirmative ~ утвердительное суждение
- Предложение; суждение; предположение; высказывание; фраза
- Разг. человек, с которым ведутся дела pro – pul
Difference, английский
- Disagreement, inequity, contrast, dissimilarity, incompatibility
- Разница; разность
- An important army term, meaning firstly the sum to be paid by officers when exchanging from the half to full pay; and, secondly, the price or difference in value of the several commissions.
Hypothesis, английский
- A suggested explanation for an observation or experimental result, which is then refined or disproved by further investigation
- Гипотеза
- N гипотеза critical period ~ гипотеза критического периода linguistic relativity ~ гипотеза лингвистиче- ской относительности (син. sapir–whorf ~) localist ~ локалистская гипотеза3 nostratic ~ ностратическая гипотеза sapir–whorf ~ гипотеза сепира–уорфа (син. linguistic relativity ~) single segment ~ гипотеза единого сегмента
- Гипотеза. положение, которое предположительно отражает истину или которое используется как основа для аргументации того, что еще не доказано.
- Гипотеза; предположение; допущение hypothesis-driven управляемый гипотезами
- Гипотеза, предположение
- An assertion, proposition or statement about relations or constraints whose truth-value is as of yet unknown .but in principle determinable by tests involving generally empirical but also logical evidence. hypotheses are generally derived from theories or models and when these theories have some validity of their own, they consititute predictions. l&qh
Plausibility, английский
- The plausibility of proposition in the dempster-shafer theory is the upper probability of the proposition. it represents the upper bound on the probability that a proposition is true. see also: belief function, lower/upper probability.
- Умение внушать доверие
Definition, английский
- The fidelity of a television system to the original scene.
- Also called resolution. the fidelity with which detail is reproduced by a television system ranging from a fuzzy to a sharp appearance.
- The fidelity of reproduction of the pattern edge relative to the original master
- N дефиниция, определе- ние
- A verbal representation of a concept which serves to differentiate it from related concepts and allows humans to recognize and agree on the concept.
- Description of linear demarcation sensitivity or the detail sharpness of object outline in a radiologic test image. it is a function of screen type, exposure geometry, radiation energy, and characteristics sensor (such as film).
- Описание чувствительности к линейной демаркации или четкости контуров объекта на радиологическом контрольном изображении. это зависит от типа экрана, геометрии экспозиции, энергии излучения и характеристик датчика (например, пленки).
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Upper envelope, английский
The upper envelope for a proposition is the maximum of the (convex) set of probabilities attached to the proposition. see also: lower envelope, quasi-bayesian theory.
Theory patching, английский
Theory patching is a form of theory revision which allows revisions to individual components of a given domain theory to classify all training examples correctly. it differs from standard (machine learning) learning problems in that the theory is treated as being only partially revisable rather than replaceable. see also: http://www.jair.com/
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