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Social entropy
| Глоссарий по кибернетике |
A measure of the natural decay of the structure or of the disappearance of distinctions within a social system. much of the energy consummed by a social organization is spent to maintain its structure, counteracting social entropy, e.g., through legal institutions, education, the normative consequences of television. anomie is the maximum state of social entropy.
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Entropy, английский
- Энтропия
- Entropy is a measure of the disorganization or information within a system. the entropy is lowest when there is a certain outcome or state, and highest when all the possible states are equally likely. for a discrete system with k states, it is defined as where pi is the probability of being in state i. see also: fuzzy entropy, maximum entropy principle.
- ->statistical entropy, a measure of variation, dispersion or diversity; ->thermodynamic entropy, a measure of unusable energy. the similarity between the two types of entropy is merely formal in that both are expressed as the logarithm of a probability. t
- The level of disorder in a system.
- From the second law of thermodynamics, the measure of disorder in a system.
- A measure of the level of disorder or randomness in a closed system. it can be thought of either in the sense of thermodynamic/metabolic processes or the increasing molecular disorder in a structure. it can be thought of as the same process by which erosion occurs when soil is exposed to rain and wind.
Entropy -, английский
Энтропийная диаграмма
Entropy forward approach, английский
Метод внесения неупорядоченности
Entropy per second, английский
Энтропия в секунду
Entropy per symbol, английский
Энтропия на символ
Entropy unit, английский
Единица энтропии
Social, английский
- A социальный dialect sociocultural a социокультурный context sociolinguistic a социолингвистический situation 1 использование неавтоматических чередований в качестве дополни- тельного, основного или даже единственного показателя грамматиче- ских значений. 2 напр., «gip» вместо «pig». 3 каждая ошибка проявляется только в фонологически возможном для данного языка звуковом контексте. sociolinguistics n социолингвистика; psycho~ психосоциолингвистика
- An app category that facilitates communication or social networking.
- The webpage subheading for the view in messenger that displays the social activity of friends.
Social, шведский
Social (adj), английский
Of or related to social networking.
Social -, английский
Культурно-зрелищный комплекс [центр] 106 ehair
Social accounting, английский
- Социальное счетоводство, см. national accounts; social accounts
- Учет расходов на соблюдение социального и природоохранного законодательства
Social accounts, английский
Социальное счетоводство; национальные счета, см. social accounting; national accounts
Social afstand, датский
Social analytics, английский
Describes the process of measuring, analyzing and interpreting the results of interactions and associations among people, topics and ideas.
Social assets, английский
Объекты социальной сферы
Social authentication, английский
A way to authenticate users by linking them to their social identity.
Social benefit, английский
Пособие по системе социального обеспечения
Social benefits, английский
The total benefits of an economic activity, including the spillover effects to third parties. social benefits are the total of private benefits and any external benefits.
Social bookmarks, английский
Social brethren, английский
Social capital, английский
- «социальный» капитал (основные фонды социального назначения: в публикациях оон часто включают жилой фонд, коммунальные и транспортные предприятия и т. д.)
- A society’s assets in terms of its institutions, literacy levels, attitudes, and civic values.
Disappearance, английский
Organization, английский
- Организация
- N организация lexical ~ лексическая организация orientational a ориентационный metaphor
- Европейская организация производства товарного бетона
- Организация ~ of safety обеспечение безопасности (на производстве); меры по технике безопасности ~ of work организация работ
- Has at least three meanings (1) the act of arranging components to form a pattern different from what would occur by chance, by some criterion or better than it was before (->coordination) e.g., conducting a political campaign; (2) a complex complementary conditionality in behavior or in the coexistence of physical or living components (ashby) as in an ecological system or in such social organizations as a family, a university or a government agency being constituted by its members through conventional rules of conduct, legally recognized and interacted with by observers or by other social organizations; (3) the relations, and processes of communication, including coordination and coorientation among the components or variables of a system that (a) determine the dynamics of interaction and transformations it may undergo in a physical space and (b) constitute (->constitution) its unity whether only for an observer (->allopoiesis) or also for itself (->autopoiesis). in this third and largely cybernetic meaning, the properties of the components that realize a system as a concrete physical entity do not enter the description of that system`s organization. it follows that machines, organisms and social forms of vastly different materiality and components may have the same organization. accordingly, a whole system 56 may be explained in terms of the properties of its components and its organization (->analysis). the use to which a particular system may be put or who created it in the first place is not a feature of its organization. a theory of design (including engineering), management and of (concrete) organizational behavior is concerned with (1). a theory of organizations concerns (2) and attempts to provide generalizations about how cells, or organisms interact or how and why people work together and form larger unities (->general systems theory). cybernetics is concerned and has in fact been considered coextensive with an organization theory which concerns (3) and attempts to provide theories of or a logic for how unities and whole systems can arise or be maintained through the forms of communication (and more complex kinds of interactions and interdependencies) among components without reference to their materiality. the theory of modelling is a direct outgrowth of this organization concept. like cybernetics generally, an organization theory is not disturbed by the possibility that some organizations may not be realized by man or by nature but it will be informed by the finding that they cannot exist (ashby).
- A work structure that divides the responsibility for economic resources and processes.
- The top level of a business hierarchy.
Institutions, английский
Insurance companies, pension funds, trusts, foundations, mutual funds, funds managers, bank investment departments.
Consequences, английский
Television, английский
- Телевидение; телевизионный
- The electronic transmission of pictures and sounds.
- Телевидение
- An electronic system of transmitting transient images of fixed or moving objects together with sound through space by an apparatus that converts light and sound into electrical waves and reconverts them into visible light rays and audible sound.
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Selective information, английский
->information self-correcting~
Social system, английский
In cybernetics, a system involving its observers. such a system is constituted (->constitution) by communication among observers who participate within that system by drawing distinctions and creating relations within it (->analysis, ->second-order cybernetics). this contrasts sharply with the use of the same term in the structural-functional school of sociology, where it denotes a pattern of social acts in pursuit of individual and collective goals and governed by the need of the "social system" to maintain its own structure.
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