| abnormal load: | Vehicle load which may not be carried on a route without permission from the relevant authority |
| abutment: | Any end support of a bridge note: a distinction is made between rigid abutments and flexible abutments where relevant. |
| accessory masonry unit: | A masonry unit which is shaped to provide a particular function, e.g. to complete the geometry of the masonry |
| accidental design situation: | Design situation involving exceptional conditions of the structure or its exposure, including fire, explosion, impact or local failure |
| accidental action (a): | Action, usually of short duration but of significant magnitude, that is unlikely to occur on a given structure during the design working life note 1 an accidental action can be expected in many ca... |
| accompanying value of a variable action (v|/qk): | Value of a variable action that accompanies the leading action in a combination note the accompanying value of a variable action may be the |
| action (f): | A) set of forces (loads) applied to the structure (direct action); b) set of imposed deformations or accelerations caused for example, by temperature changes, moisture variation, uneven settlement... |
| adhesion: | Theeffectofmortardevelopingat ensileandshearresistanceatthec ontactsurfaceofmasonryunits |
| advanced fire model: | Design fire based on mass conservation and energy conservation aspects |
| aerated silo bottom: | A silo base in which air slides or air injection is used to activate flow in the bottom of the silo |
| aerodynamic device: | A device fitted to the chimney to reduce vortex excitation without increasing the structural damping |
| altitude of the site: | Height above mean sea level of the site where the structure is to be located, or is already located for an existing structure. |
| anchor bolt: | A bolt for the connection of the chimney to the foundation |
| anchoragebondstrengt h: | Thebond strength,perunit surfacearea,between reinforcement andconcrete ormortar,whenthereinforceme ntissubjectedtotensileorcompr essiveforces |
| anchored wall | A wall whose stability depends upon penetration of the sheet piling into the ground and also upon one or more anchor levels. заанкеренная стенка; |
| angle of repose: | The angle of repose is the angle which the natural slope of the sides of a heaped pile of loose material makes to the horizontal |
| angle tower: | Transmission tower used where the line changes direction by more than 3o in plan. it supports the same kind of loads as the tangent tower |
| applied finish: | A covering of material bonded to the surface of the masonry |
| auxiliary construction works: | Any works associated with the construction processes that are not required after use when the related execution activities are completed and they can be removed (e.g. falsework, scaffolding, propp... |
| axial load: | Externally applied loading acting in the axial direction |
| axis distance: | Distance between the axis of the reinforcing bar and the nearest edge of concrete |
| axisymetric shell: | A shell structure whose geometry is defined by |
| axisymmetric shell | A shell structure whose geometry is defined by rotation of a meridional line about a central axis осесимметричная оболочка; |
| background response factor: | The background factor allowing for the lack of full correlation of the pressure on the structure surface |
| barrel: | The barrel is the vertical walled section of a silo |
| base material: | The flat sheet aluminium material out of which profiled sheets are made by cold forming |
| base plate: | A horizontal plate fixed to the base of a chimney |
| base ring: | - A structural member that passes around the circumference of the shell of revolution at the base and
- A base ring is a structural member that passes around the circumference of the st...
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| basement wall: | A retaining wall constructed partly or fully below ground level. |
| basic material: | The flat sheet steel material out of which cold-formed sections and profiled sheets are made by cold-forming |
| basic variable: | Part of a specified set of variables representing physical quantities which characterize actions and environmental influences, geometrical quantities, and material properties including soil proper... |
| basic wind velocity: | The fundamental basic wind velocity modified to account for the direction of the wind being considered and the season (if required) |
| basic yield strength: | The tensile yield strength of the basic material |
| bearing piles | Structural elements (hollow type, h-type, cruciform or x-type cross-sections) incorporated into the foundations of building or civil engineering works and сваи; |
| bearing: | Structural support located between the superstructure and an abutment or pier of the |
| bed joint reinforcement: | Reinforcing steel that is prefabricated for building into abed joint |
| bed joint: | A mortar layer between the bed |
| bedface: | Thetoporbottomsurfaceofamas |
| behaviour factor: | Factor used for design purposes to reduce the forces |
| bending stress resultants: | The bending stress resultants are the bending and twisting moments per unit width of |
| bending stress: | The bending stress is defined as the bending stress resultant multiplied by 6 and divided by the square of the shell thickness. it is only meaningful for conditions in which the shell is elastic.<... |
| box value of section factor: | - Ratio between the exposed surface area of a notional
- Ratio between the exposed surface area of a notional bounding box to the section and the volume of aluminium
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| box: | A structure formed from an assembly of flat plates into a three-dimensional enclosed form. for the purposes of this standard, the box has dimensions that are generally comparable in all directions... |
| braced frame: | A frame may be classified as braced if its sway resistance is supplied by a bracing system with a response to in-plane horizontal loads which is sufficiently stiff for it to be acceptably accurate... |
| bracedframe: | A frame which has a sway resistance supplied by a bracing system which is sufficiently stiff for it to be acceptably accurate to assume that all horizontal loads are resisted by the bracing system... |
| breaking force factor k: | An empirical factor used in the determination of minimum breaking force of a rope |
| breathing (ofplates): | Out-of-plane deformation of a plate caused by repeated application of in-plane loading |
| bridge: | Civil engineering construction works mainly intended to carry traffic or pedestrian loads over a natural obstacle or a communication line note: railway bridges and bridges which carry canals, serv... |
| buckling length: | - Length of an equivalent uniform member with pinned ends, which has the same cross-section and the same elastic critical force as the verified uniform member (individual or as a component of a ...
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| buckling: | The ultimate limit state where the structure suddenly loses its stability under membrane compression and/or shear. it leads either to large displacements or to the structure being unable to carry ... |
| bulk weight density: | The bulk weight density is the overall weight per unit volume of a material, including a normal distribution of micro-voids, voids and pores n o t e : in everyday usage this term is frequently abb... |
| burning velocity: | Rate of flame propagation relative to the velocity of the unburned dust, gas or vapour that is ahead of it. |
| cablestay: | Tensioned element which connects the deck of a bridge to the pylon or pylons above the deck |
| capacity design method: | Design method in which elements of the structural system are chosen and suitably designed and detailed for energy dissipation under severe deformations while all other structural elements are prov... |
| capacity design: | - Design based on the plastic deformation capacity of a member and its connections providing additional strength in its connections and in other parts connected to the member.
- Design ...
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| carbon steel: | In this standard: steel grades according to in en 1993-1-1, except stainless steels |
| carriageway: | For application of sections 4 and 5, the part of the road surface, supported by a single structure (deck, pier, etc.), which includes all physical traffic lanes (i.e. as may be marked on the road ... |
| catch basin: | An external tank structure to contain fluid that may escape by leakage or accident from the primary tank. this type of structure is used where the primary tank contains toxic or dangerous fluids.<... |
| cavity wall: | A wall consisting of two parallel single-leaf walls, effectively tied together with wall ties or bed joint reinforcement. the space between the leaves is left as a continuous cavity or filled or p... |
| cavity width: | The distance perpendicular to the plane of the wall between the cavity faces of the masonry leaves of a cavity wall or that between the cavity face of a veneer wall and the masonry backing structu... |
| cellular cofferdams | Cofferdams constructed of straight web profiles with interlock tensile strength sufficient to resist the circumferential tension developed in the cellular walls due to the radial pressure of ячеистые ограждения; |
| central reservation: | Area separating the physical traffic lanes of a dual-carriageway road. it generally includes a median strip and lateral hard strips separated from the median strip by safety barriers. |
| characteristic value (xkorrk): | Value of a material or product property having a prescribed probability of not being attained in a hypothetical unlimited test series. this value generally corresponds to a specified fractile of t... |
| characteristic buckling resistance: | The load associated with buckling in the presence of inelastic material behaviour, the geometrical and structural imperfections that are inevitable in practical construction, and follower load eff... |
| characteristic buckling stress: | - The membrane stress associated with the characteristic buckling resistance.
- The nominal membrane stress associated with buckling in the presence of inelastic material behaviour and ...
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| characteristic value of a geometrical property (ak): | Value usually corresponding to the dimensions specified in the design. where relevant, values of geometrical quantities may correspond to some prescribed fractiles of the statistical distribution<... |
| characteristic value of an action (fk): | Principal representative value of an action note in so far as a characteristic value can be fixed on statistical bases, it is chosen so as to correspond to a prescribed probability of not being ex... |
| characteristic value of snow load on the ground: | Snow load on the ground based on an annual probability of exceedence of 0,02, excluding exceptional snow loads. |
| characteristic value of snow load on the roof: | Product of the characteristic snow load on the ground and appropriate coefficients. note: these coefficients are chosen so that the probability of the calculated snow load on the roof does not exc... |
| characteristic value: | Refer to en 1990:2002 subclause 1.5.4.1. |
| characteristicstrengt hofmasonry: | Valueofthestrengthofmasonryh avingaprescribedprobabilityof 5%ofnotbeingattainedinahypot heticallyunlimitedtestseries.th isvaluegenerallycorrespondsto aspecifiedfractileoftheassume dstatisticaldist... |
| char-line: | Borderlinebetweenthechar-layerandtheresidualcross-section |
| chase: | Channel formed in masonry |
| chimney: | - Shaft is not connected with any other construction above the base level
- Vertical construction works or building components that conduct waste gases, or other flue gases, supply or e...
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| circular silo: | A silo whose plan cross-section is circular |
| circumferential direction: | The horizontal tangent to the tank wall at any point. it varies around the tank, lies in the horizontal plane and is tangential to the tank wall irrespective of whether the tank is circular or rec... |
| circumfrential direction: | The horizontal tangent to the silo wall at any point. it varies around the silo, lies in the horizontal plane and is tangential to the silo wall irrespective of whether the silo is circular or rec... |
