Глоссарий содержит термины по смазочным веществам для уменьшения трения и износа между двумя поверхностями, соединениям, применяемых в качестве рабочих жидкостей в двигателях, машинах, гидравлических системах и приборах.
| cylinder oil (steam cylinder oils) | A medium to high viscosity oil used for oncethrough lubrication of cylinders in air compressors and steam engines, and for valves and other elements in the cylinder area. high viscosities compensa... |
| cylinder stock | A heavy lubricating oil stock made from distillation residue of paraffin base crude; used primarily for blending. |
| dedendum (gears) | The distance between the pitch circle and the lower working, or flank, half of the tooth that still has the involute tooth form. degras (pronounced “de-grah”): animal oil extracted from the skin o... |
| demulsifiers | Additives that promote separation of oil from water. |
| detergent (cleansers) | Detergents in cleansers are surface-active compounds that lower the surface tension of water or water solutions and impart emulsifying and dispersing properties to them. |
| detergent (oils) | A metallic salt additive used in engine oils to keep insoluble particles in colloidal suspension and prevent the formation of deposits and rust. with dispersants, detergents also remove existing s... |
| diagonal passages (lube systems) | Passages connecting the inlet and discharge bores. |
| diametral pitch (gears) | Sometimes simply called “pitch”; the measure of tooth size, equal to the number of teeth divided by the pitch diameter. mating gears have the same diametral pitch. dielectric strength (astm d-87... |
| diester (dibasic acid ester) | A synthetic lubricant formed by reacting dicarboxylic acid with an alcohol, having high viscosity index and low volatility. with additives, it finds service in compressors, internal combustion eng... |
| differential (chassis) | A set or train of gears that change the direction of the vehicle propeller shaft to that of the axle shafts; also adjusts the amount of rotation between the right and left wheels on a particular d... |
| din (deutsche institute fur normung) | The german equivalent of astm. |
| dip feed lubrication | A method that lubricates rubbing surfaces by dipping or partially submerging them in lubricant. |
| direction valves (hydraulics) | Devices that channel the fluid in a hydraulic system to the proper location and/or prevent it from going to the wrong location. |
| discharge passage (lube systems) | Passage leading from between the lands of the inlet piston bore. |
| disk filter/perforated disk | A system utilizing metal disks as the filtering medium; frequently termed “metal disk filter”. |
| distillates | The lubricant and oil fractions produced in a distillation column, except for bottoms and the natural gas liquids at the top of the column-dividing head. |
| distillation (fractionation) | The first step in separating crude oil into its various components uses a distillation tower, or pipe still, through which heated crude oil vapors rise to progressively cooler levels, so that the ... |
| divider valve (lube systems) | A series-progressive lubricant-metering and distribution assembly containing an inlet section, at least three valve sections and an end section. |
| double helical gears/herringbone gears (gears) | Have both right-hand and lefthand helical teeth, and operate on parallel axis; are used on all mill pinions. |
| drying film lubricant | A solid material, such as graphite, molybdenum disulfide, boron nitride, or a plastic like a poly-tetra-fluorine resin, used with loads in the boundary region of lubrication. these materials may b... |
| drying oils | Oils that absorb oxygen (reacting with it) to form relatively hard, tough, elastic films when exposed in thin layers to the atmosphere; generally added to paint to promote drying (e.g., linseed oi... |
| dsc/dta | Differential scanning calorimetry (dsc) and differential thermal analysis (dta) measure actual caloric heat changes to characterize physical changes (phase changes in waxes, gels, grease or asphal... |
| dynamic demulsibility | Refers to a test procedure that simulates temperatures and circulating conditions in a rolling mill to determine the water separation properties of an oil (see demulsibility). |
| dynamic load (gears) | Load computed at the pitch line, including both static transmitted load and loads superimposed by inertia of the rotating masses, tooth form inaccuracies, spacing inaccuracies and misalignment. bu... |
| elastohydrodynamic (ehl or ehd) lubrication | A thin-film form of lubrication in which an elastic deformation occurs between two non-conforming |
| electrorheological fluids | Fluids currently under development whose rheological properties change in the presence of an electric field. typically, these fluids increase in viscosity in the presence of the field, then revert... |
| electrostatic oiler | Machine that uses electrostatically charged oil particles to deposit coating oils on steel sheets. |
| empirical equations take these forces into account | Agma uses service factors for the same purpose. |
| endurance limit stresses (gears) | Stresses that can be imposed repeatedly, indefinitely, without causing surface fatigue failure. following buckingham, agma uses the endurance limit for reversed bending as the working stress in be... |
| enveloping worm (gears) | Worm with one or more threads, increasing in diameter from its middle portion toward each end, to conform to the curvature of the gear; has more surface contact than a straight worm. |
| essential oils (odor masks) | Natural oily liquids with marked characteristic odors obtained from plants, flowers, leaves, etc., often used for masking odors or imparting odors, especially to metalworking fluids or gear oil. p... |
| evaporative loss | The portion of a lubricant that volatilizes in use or in storage; applies especially to lubricants containing solvents or water, with high vapor pressures (see astm d-972 and d-2595). |
| family of bronzes includes | Copper-tin, aluminum (for high tensile strength), phosphor (for corrosion resistance and low friction), leaded phosphor (for machinability) and silicon. astm distinguishes five grades of bronze ca... |
| fatty oil | An oil of animal, vegetable or marine origin that is liquid at normal temperature, whose composition resembles that of solid fat, except for differing types and percentages of fatty acids. owing t... |
| ferrography (direct read and analytical) | Method that examines ferrous wear particles in used fluid; used in preventive and predictive maintenance programs. |
| fibrous grease | Describes a specific type of grease that exhibits a distinctive fibrous structure when portions of the grease are pulled apart. the gelling agents for many greases have unique fibrous structures, ... |
| fillet curve (gears) | The concave portion of the tooth profile where it joins the bottom of the tooth space at the root circle. |
| fingerprint neutralizer | A polar compound used in rust preventives for steel surfaces that prevents corrosion attacks from perspiration during handling. fire point (cleveland open cup, or coc; astm d-92): the temperatur... |
| fitted bearings | Partial journal bearings in which the radius of the bearing surface is the same as the radius of the journal surface. |
| fixed oils | Obsolete term, generally applied to fatty oils, indicating fluids that tend to decompose during distillation instead of remaining intact during the process; such oils are also known as non-volatil... |
| fixed pad bearing | An axial or radial load type of bearing equipped with fixed pads (or lands), the surfaces of which are contoured to promote the establishment of a hydrodynamic film. |
| flammable fluids | Describes fluids with coc flash points under 100°f, as determined by the national fire protective association (nfpa) (see combustible fluids). flash point (astm d-92, d-93, d-56): the temperature ... |
| fluid drive (hydraulics) | Drive in which hydraulic fluid transmits power from one part of the system to another, without a mechanical connection between them. |
| fluid power system (hydraulics) | A system that transmits and controls power by moving pressurized fluid through fluid conductors to actuators, for accomplishment of work. |
| flushing oil | Oil used to flush dirt out of a newly constructed or rebuilt circulating or hydraulic system, generally after chemical cleaning. |
| foam test | (usually astm d-892) measures the ability of a lubricant to resist foaming caused by excessive agitation, contamination or air ingression in suction lines. |
| follower plate | A plate fitted to the surface of lubricating grease in a container, designed to employ atmospheric pressure to assist gravitational forces in delivering grease to the inlet of the dispensing syste... |
| following subgroups | Synthesized hydrocarbons, principally polyalphaolefin; organic esters, e.g., the diesters and polyol esters; polyglycols, some of which are used in water-glycol fr fluids; phosphate esters, fr flu... |
| following terms | Bleeding (free oil shows on surface or in cracks of a cracked grease), cracked (showing surface cracks of appreciable magnitude), grainy (a surface with small granules or lumps of constituent thic... |
| forging compound | A general term signaling a product used at the die: cold forging requires anti-friction and ep properties to prevent metal pickup and extend die life; compounds used in hot forging employ solid lu... |
| fretting corrosion (ferrous corrosion) | A combination of corrosive and abrasive wear that results from fretting of ferrous metals where the wear particles oxidize to a reddish, abrasive iron oxide (fe2o3). |
| friction bearing | Obsolete term for plain bearing or sliding bearing (see plain bearing). |
| front cone (gears) | The inner ends of the teeth in a bevel gear with elements perpendicular to those of the pitch cone. though the surface of the gear blank at the inner ends of the teeth is customarily formed to suc... |
| full flow filtration | A system of filtration in which the total flow of a circulating fluid system passes through a filter. |
| gall/galling | Surface condition on one or both mating surfaces where excessive friction results in localized welding with subsequent spalling and a further roughening of the surface. |
| gear oils | The variety of specially formulated oils for all types of gears and operating conditions; agma, sae, the military and industry have their own requirements, some of which overlap. in general, gear ... |
| gear shield/gear compound | A highly adhesive lubricant, formulated with asphaltic compounds or polymers, for once-through use on gearing like open gears. |
| gel (grease) | A solid, elastic mixture of a colloid and a liquid possessing a yield point and a jellylike texture. |
| gel permeation chromatography | A size-exclusion chromatography method that separates fluid components by molecular weight (e.g., size and shape) (see chromatography). gl-4,5,6 service: transmission and axle lubricants classifie... |
| gland (follower) | Adjustable follower that compresses packing in a stuffing box. |
| glycerine/glycerol | Syrupy liquid obtained by saponification of certain natural fats and oils; a by-product of the manufacture of fatty acids or their salts (soaps), correctly termed glycerol. |
| gouging (gears) | Describes a condition which may develop when gear teeth lack hardness. it is usually limited to the bottom or lower part of the tooth surface, or it may occur when gears are fitted too tightly, or... |
| grinding oils | Oils formulated for grinding service where grinding wheel life, metal surface finish, etc., are important. |
| half bearing | Bearing that surrounds only one-half of a journal, e.g., the aar journal bearing, available as upper or lower arch bearing; also known as 180° arch bearing. all nonsleeve bearings are designated a... |
| halogenated solvents | Solvents formulated with one of the halogens, usually chlorine or fluorine. halogenated solvents are associated with the atmospheric depletion of ozone. hardness – resistance of metal to plastic d... |
| have four digits | The first indicates the type of bearing, the second the bearing series and the third and fourth the bore size of the bearing. some manufacturers replace the first digit with letters of the alphabe... |
| head (hydraulics) | The pressure exerted by a fluid on a unit area because of the height of the surface of the fluid above the point where pressure is measured; may be expressed as psi or “feet”. |
| heat transfer oils | Oils utilized as heat transfer media; typical applications include asphalt plants, grease plants, etc. these oils have low volatility and contain additives to inhibit cracking and sludging. heavy-... |
| helical gear (gears) | Cylindrical in form with helical teeth. |
| herringbone gears (gears) | Two helical gears on the same shaft, one with a righthand helix and the adjacent one with a lift-hand helix, giving the appearance of a herringbone. |
| hertz contact stress | Stress (psi) measured along a narrow band of contact between two gear teeth under load; based on formulas devised by hertz. momentary stresses exceeding 200,000 psi are not uncommon in heavily loa... |
| high solvency naphthas | Special naphthas characterized by their high solvent power (low precipitating tendency) for various resins, oils and plastics; their high aromatic content promotes solvency (see kauri-butanol/kb v... |
| hot plate/crackle test | Qualitative test to determine the presence of entrained water in a high flash-point oil; when oil is dripped onto a hot surface, an audible “crackle” indicates the presence of water. humidity cabi... |
| hyatt bearing (flexible bearing) | Roller bearing with rollers constructed of flexible coils of strip steel that are hardened, then ground to size; designed to withstand considerable deflection in the alignment of shaft or housing.... |
| hydrated grease/soap | Scap grease one of whose structural components is water, e.g., a water-stabilized calcium soap grease that owes its stability to hydrated calcium soap. |
| hydraulic (fluid power) system | See fluid power system. |
| hypoid gear lubricant (gears) | Lubricant with extreme pressure (ep) characteristics for use with hypoid gears, e.g., in the differential of an automobile. |
