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Linear model
| Эпидемиологический словарь (глоссарий) |
A linear model is an analytic model that is, in some sense, linear in the parameters of the model (rather than the attributes that are used to form the input to the model). a classic example is a linear regression, where the output is modeled as a weighted sum of the input or predictor variables. the weights are the parameters, and if they enter linearly, the model is a linear model. models can also be considered linear if there is some invertible one-to-one transformation of the predicted variable that produces a linear model. an example of this would be the logistic model for binary data. the logistic model is a linear model for log(p/(1-p)), where p is the proportion or probability being estimated. an example of a non-linear model would be a linear regression modified to include an unknown power transformation on one of the input variables.
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Модель линейная, русский
Статистическая модель, в которой значение параметра для данного значения фактора х предполагается равным a + bx, где a и b — константы.
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Linear, английский
- Линейный
- Video technology designed to be played from beginning to end without stops.
- A линейный interpreter l~ a линейное письмо а l~ b линейное письмо б linearisation n линеаризация linearity n линейность
- A proportional relation between two quantities, e.g., in 46 the equation y=cx, c is the constant y/x and states that y is a linear function of x. the term comes from the straight line with which such a function can be visualized within x-y coordinates. the notion of linearity is generalized to relations between many quantities, expressed in the form of linear equations, to a concept of time that progresses from an indefinite past to an indefinite future without parallel paths or loops, and to a causal network or lattice which proceeds directionally from antecedents to consequences without feedback.
Linear (adj), английский
- In mathematics and electronics, having a direct and proportional relationship among characteristics or variables. for example, the output of a linear amplifier is directly proportional to the input.
- Proceeding sequentially. for example, a linear search is one that moves from a to b to c.
Linear (ball) bushing, английский
Линейная опора качения; шариковая втулка
Linear (tensile or compressive) strain, английский
Linear -, английский
Линейное перемещение
Linear a, английский
Linear absorption coefficient, английский
Linear accelerator, английский
- Линейный ускоритель; пусковая установка с прямолинейными направляющими
- An apparatus used to accelerate electrons to high velocities by means of a high frequency electrical wave traveling along a tube in the linear direction of the electron beam.
Linear addressing, английский
Линейная адресация
Linear adsorption, английский
Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, английский
Linear amplification, английский
Линейное усиление
Linear amplifier for various applications, английский
Микроминиатюрный функциональный блок «лава» для полуактивной доплеровской рлс «модар»
Linear analogue control, английский
Linear ancillary item, английский
Linear ancillary item:, английский
Any non-structural components that extend over several panels, such as waveguides, feeders, ladders and pipework
Linear and accurate scale factor, английский
Linear approximation, английский
Линейная аппроксимация; линейное приближение
Linear array, английский
Пзс-линейка, линейка приборов с зарядовой связью. используется в большинстве плоскостных сканеров и в цифровых фотокамерах. сканирует изображение, передвигаясь вдоль него с помощью шагового двигателя. другой термин scanning array, ccd array
Linear association, английский
Two variables are linearly associated if a change in one is associated with a proportional change in the other, with the same constant of proportionality throughout the range of measurement. the correlation coefficient measures the degree of linear association on a scale of −1 to 1.
Linear association., английский
Two variables are linearly associated if a change in one is associated with a proportional change in the other, with the same constant of proportionality throughout the range of measurement. the correlation coefficient measures the degree of linear associ
Parameters, английский
Параметры
Regression, английский
- Statistical technique used to evaluate relationships among variables (22).
- Регрессия
- 1. a stage where symptoms of a disease are disappearing and the person is getting better 2. (in psychiatry) the process of returning to a mental state which existed when the person was younger
- Regression commonly refers to the process of developing an empirical (data-driven) model to predict and/or explain one or more attributes in a database or set of data. it is most frequently associated with the simple linear model (y=mx+b) taught in most introductory statistics courses; the same ideas have been extended in many directions, including classification problems. when the emphasis is on hypothesis testing and simple models, the regression output is typically a few parameters that provide a direct linkage from the input variables to the predicted variables (or classification). in other situations the emphasis is on explaining as much of the variability in the output variables as is "reasonable" from the input variables. in this case, there are a number of "advanced" techniques, such as smoothing splines, decision trees, neural nets, and so forth, for which there are many "free" parameters. the meaning of any one of these parameters can be obscure. many data mining techniques are, at their core, variations on well-known regression techniques. see also: classification, clustering, decision trees, neural nets.
- The reappearance of a previously fixed problem.
- The statistical process of predicting one or more continuous variables, such as profit or loss, based on other attributes in the dataset.
- A mathematical technique used to explain and/or predict. the general form is y = a + bx + u, where y is the variable that we are trying to predict; x is the variable that we are using to predict y, a is the intercept; b is the slope, and u is the regression residual. the a and b are chosen in a way to minimize the squared sum of the residuals. the ability to fit or explain is measured by the r-square.
- A seaward retreat of a shoreline, generally expressed as a seaward
Invertible, английский
Transformation, немецкий
Proportion, английский
- A quantity of something, especially as compared to the whole a high proportion of cancers can be treated by surgery. the proportion of outpatients to inpatients is increasing. ‘…the target cells for adult myeloid leukaemia are located in the bone marrow, and there is now evidence that a substantial proportion of childhood leukaemias also arise in the bone marrow’ [british medical journal]
- Доля; отношение; пропорция prospective (cohort) study
- Доля; отношение; пропорция
- In naval architecture, the length, breadth, and height of a vessel, having a due consideration to her rate, and the object she is intended for.
- Пропорция; состав (смеси и т.п.); пропорциональная часть || составлять, дозировать
Probability, английский
- Probability can be generally defined as a measure of how likely some event will occur. the event could be an explosion, a lottery win or perhaps cancer induction. mathematically speaking, the value of probability varies between 0 and 1 where 0 means an ev
- Вероятность. возможность.
- The probability of an event is a number between zero and 100%. the meaning (interpretation) of probability is the subject of theories of probability, which differ in their interpretations. however, any rule for assigning probabilities to events has to satisfy the axioms of probability.
- Вероятность
- Вероятность probability sample, syn. random sample
- Вероятность. мера случайности появления конкретного события. например, вероятность случайного выбора из популяции человека с конкретным качеством соответствует доле людей в популяции, обладающих этим качеством.
- Вероятность; возможность
- Вероятность; обеспеченность (гидрологической величины) ~ of no-failure вероятность безотказной работы
- Probability is a method for representing uncertainty about propositions or events. it represents the uncertainty about a proposition on a scale from 0 to 1, with a 0 representing complete certainty that the proposition is false or an event will not occur and a value of one will represent the opposite. formally, a probability measure is one that follows kolmogorov`s axioms. there are two main schools of thought on the meaning of probability. frequentists take a narrow interpretation of probability allowing only hypothetically repeatable events or experiments as being quantifiable by probability, while bayesians take a broader interpretation that allows reasoning about "one-shot" events and propositions based on the current knowledge about nature. the bayesian interpretation is most commonly used in artificial intelligence, while the frequentist interpretation is most commonly taught in statistics courses. the label "bayesian" arises from the central role that the bayes theorem plays in this use of probability. it allows one to reason from effects to causes and encourages the use of probability measures to describe supposedly fixed events or propositions which frequentists disallow. the probability for these events reflects one`s state of knowledge about the event, rather than being an assertion that the unknown event can vary. for example, a bayesian would have no qualms about making statements about the probability that a given die, rolled and hidden from his sight is, for example, a six. a frequentist would be unable to make such a statement, preferring to talk about his confidence in the method when applied to a hypothetically large number of repeated experiments. in the end, they would act in similar ways. when the long run data are available, bayesians and frequentists end up with the same estimates. see also: bayes theorem, kolmogorov`s axioms.
- Вероятность. математическое измерение возможности появления неко-его события, выраженное в виде дроби или процента [30]. значения статистической вероятности лежат в пределах от 1 или 100 процентов (всегда) до 0 или 0 процентов (никогда) [20]. наибольшее приближение к истинной вероятности дает относитель-ная частота события, полученная на основе большой серии измерений или результа-тов [33]. вероятность может быть также определена как выражение в некоторой неопределимой форме "степени уверенности" или как предельная частота события в бесконечной случайной последовательности [49].
- The likelihood of something happening. for example, sale being made.
- Вероятность. математическое измерение возможности появления некоего события, выраженное в виде дроби или процента [30]. значения статистической вероятности лежат в пределах от 1 или 100 процентов (всегда) до 0 или 0 процентов (никогда) [20]. наибольшее приближение к истинной вероятности дает относительная частота события, полученная на основе большой серии измерений или результатов [33]. вероятность может быть также определена как выражение в некоторой неопределимой форме "степени уверенности" или как предельная частота события в бесконечной случайной последовательности [49].
- The relative likelihood of a particular outcome among all possible outcomes.
- Likelihood that an event may occur, expressed as a number between 0 and 1.
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Модель математическая, русский
- Представление системы, процесса или взаимоотношений в математической форме, когда для отображения поведения изучаемой системы или процесса используется язык уравнений. такая модель обычно состоит из двух частей: математической структуры как таковой (например, закон обратных квадратов ньютона или «нормальный» закон гаусса) и специфических констант или параметров, связанных с ними, таких, как гравитационная постоянная ньютона или среднеквадратическое отклонение гаусса. математическая модель детерминистическая, если зависимые переменные в ней принимают значения, не допускающие игры шансов. модель стохастическая или случайная, если в ней присутствуют случайные вариации. см. также модель.
- Модель, представленная в виде совокупности взаимосвязанных математических соотношений и формальнологических выражений, в формальном виде отображающих реальные процессы и явления.
Модель линейная, русский
Статистическая модель, в которой значение параметра для данного значения фактора х предполагается равным a + bx, где a и b — константы.
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