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Reference standard

Глоссарий терминов по обеспечению качества
  1. Контрольный эталон. эталон, обычно высочайшего качества, имеющийся в данном месте, по которому в этом месте производятся измерения [19].

  2. A piece of material, part, or piece from a part, containing an artificial discontinuity of known size; provides a means of producing a reflection of known characteristics; used to establish a measurement scale. also, a known size discontinuity used to produce a reflection of known characteristics. references are constructed for thickness measurement, conductivity measurement or flaw detection.

  3. A material or object for which the relevant chemical and physical characteristics are known and measurable, used as a comparison for, or standardization of equipment or instruments used for, nondestructive testing. a simulated test article with artificial discontinuities used for establishing and periodically checking required test sensitivity settings.

  4. Object containing known discontinuities at known distances and representing accept or reject criteria.

  5. (1) in ndt, an object containing known discontinuities and used to establish a baseline for comparison and standardization of nondestructive test inspection equipment. (2) standard, generally having the highest metrological quality available at a given location or in a given organization, from which measurements made there are derived. compare working standard.

  6. (1) in nondestructive testing, an object containing known discontinuities at known distances and used to establish a baseline for comparison and standardization of nondestructive test inspection equipment. (2) standard generally having the highest metrological quality available in a given organization or at a given location and from which measurements made there are derived. compare working standard. reflectance; spectral reflectance: ratio of wave energy (radiant flux) reflected from a material to incident wave energy (incident radiant flux) per unit area. compare reflectivity.

  7. Test object containing known discontinuities representing accept or reject criteria. (2) sample test object selected for reference.5 relative permeability (?r): unitless ratio of a material’s permeability to the permeability of free space.

  8. (1) test object containing known reflectors representing accept or reject criteria. (2) sample test object selected for reference.


Контрольный эталон, русский

Calibration standard, английский
  1. Калибровочный эталон. биологическая матрица, к которой добавлено известное количество аналита. калибровочные эталоны используются для построения калибровочных кривых, по которым определяются концентрации ана-литов в образцах для контроля качества и в исследуемых пробах. см. также calibrator (калибратор).

  2. Калибровочный эталон. биологическая матрица, к которой добавлено известное количество аналита. калибровочные эталоны используются для построения калибровочных кривых, по которым определяются концентрации аналитов в образцах для контроля качества и в исследуемых пробах. см. также calibrator (калибратор).


Test block, английский



Reference, английский
  1. Ref

  2. Эталон; система отсчета; ориентир; исходный; эталонный

  3. Ссылка (публикация или указание на применение, противопоставление экспертизой)

  4. N когн. референция; отсыл- ка grammar, structure referential a соотносительный; референционный meaning, symbolism

  5. Разработка (проекта, технических условий и т.п.) по материалам справочников и каталогов

  6. A link in your project to another project, a .net framework assembly, or a compatible com library. adding a reference to your project allows you to use the referenced item in your project, but does not copy the referenced item to your project folder.

  7. A source of related information.

  8. A statement of the qualifications of an applicant made by a person who knows the applicant.

  9. The books & reference subcategory that contains apps for reference material, such as a dictionary or encyclopedia.

  10. The state of being related or referred.

  11. To access a variable, such as an element in an array or a field in a record.

  12. To relate to another entity.

  13. Ссылка, указание, справка


Reference, английский

Reference & training, английский
    The developer tools subcategory containing apps to help developers with creating reference materials and training for the app they are building.


Reference altimeter, английский

Reference anion, английский

Reference area, английский
    Контрольный участок (водоема или водотока)


Reference attribute type, английский
    An attribute type in which the values of the attribute are the objectids (globally unique identifiers) of other resources in ilm 2’.’


Reference axes, английский

Reference axis, английский

Reference bank, английский

Reference beam, английский
    The portion of a laser beam that goes directly to the holographic film. the interference pattern that results from the object beam meeting the reference beam at the holographic film is recorded on the film.


Reference blocks, английский
    A block or series of blocks of material containing artificial or actual discontinuities of one or more reflecting areas at one or more distances from the test surface, which are used for reference in defining the size and distance of defective areas in materials.


Reference book, английский
    Книга, выдаваемая для чтения только в помещении библиотеки


Reference book, directory, handbook, manual, английский

Reference borehole, английский

Reference builder, английский
    A feature that enables the user to create, manage and apply standardized citations and references in a document.


Reference burst, английский
    Опорная посылка


Reference cation, английский

Reference cavities, английский
    Optical cavities serving as a kind of frequency reference


Reference change value (rcv), английский
    An uncertainty term that expresses the difference that must be observed before a change of patient values should be considered clinically important. defined by fraser as a function of the analytical variation and the within-subject biologic variation.


Reference check, английский
  1. Verification of a job applicant’s employment history

  2. Verification of a job applicant’s employment history contact with a job applicant’s past employers, or other references, to verify the applicant’s job history, performance, and educational qualifications

  3. A reference check is a piece of information that a prospective employer obtains from a current or past employer, peer or co-worker about a job candidate to determine whether the candidate is the best candidate for the position.


Контрольный, русский

Containing, английский

Artificial, английский
  1. Искусственный

  2. Made to resemble a natural material or object, for example, faux marbre.

  3. A искусственный intelligence, language

  4. Bait made of some type of metal, plastic or rubber. comes in many colors, may be scented or unscented.


Discontinuity, английский
  1. Разрывность (течения, кривой)

  2. Разрыв (непрерывности); нарушение сплошности; перегиб кривой; разрезность {конструкции) о ~

  3. [stratigraphy] any interruption in sedimentation, whatever its cause or length, usually a manifestation of nondeposition and accompanying erosion; an unconformity. gg part 629 - glossary 629-24 (430-vi-nssh, 2008)

  4. An interruption in the normal physical structure or configuration of a part such as cracks, laps, seams, inclusions, porosity. a discontinuity may or may not affect the usefulness of a part. see defect.

  5. Interruption in the physical structure or configuration of a test object. after nondestructive testing, a discontinuity indication may be interpreted to be a defect. compare defect; indication. discontinuity, artificial: reference discontinuity such as hole, indentation, crack, groove, or notch introduced into a reference standard to provide accurately reproducible indications for determining test sensitivity levels.

  6. Interruption in the physical structure or configuration of a test object. after nondestructive testing, a discontinuity indication can be interpreted to be a defect.4,7 compare defect; indication. discontinuity, artificial: reference discontinuity such as hole, indentation, crack, groove or notch introduced into a reference standard to provide accurately reproducible indications for determining test sensitivity levels.4 discontinuity, inherent: material anomaly originating from solidification of cast metal. pipe and nonmetallic inclusions are the most common inherent discontinuity and can lead to other types of discontinuities in fabrication.2,5 discontinuity, primary processing: discontinuity produced from the hot or cold working of an ingot into forgings, rods, bars and other shapes.2,5 discontinuity, secondary processing: discontinuity produced during machining, grinding, heat treating, plating or other finishing operations.2,5 discontinuity, service induced: discontinuity caused by the intended use of the part.

  7. Intentional or unintentional interruption in the physical structure or configuration of a part.1,4 after nondestructive testing, unintentional discontinuities interpreted as detrimental in the host object may be called flaws or defects. compare defect, dislocation and indication.1 discontinuity, artificial: reference discontinuities such as holes, indentations, cracks, grooves or notches that are introduced into a reference standard to provide accurately reproducible indications for determining sensitivity levels.1 discontinuity, primary processing: in metals processing, a material anomaly produced from the hot or cold working of an ingot into forgings, rod and bar.1 discontinuity, service induced: material anomaly caused by the intended use of the part.1 display resolution, thermal: precision with which an instrument displays its assigned measurement parameter (temperature), usually expressed in degrees, tenths of degrees, hundredths of degrees and so forth.3

  8. Interruption in the physical structure or configuration of a test object. after nondestructive testing, a discontinuity indication may be interpreted as a defect. compare anomaly; defect; indication. drift (electronic): change in output reading of an instrument, usually due to temperature change.

  9. Interruption in the physical structure or configuration of a test object. after nondestructive testing, a discontinuity indication may be interpreted as a defect. compare anomaly; defect; indication. discontinuity, artificial: reference anomaly such as hole, indentation, crack, groove, or notch introduced into a reference standard to provide accurately reproducible indications for determining test sensitivity levels. see also known discontinuity standard. discontinuity, inherent: material anomaly originating from solidification of metal. pipe, banding, and nonmetallic inclusions are the most common inherent discontinuities and can lead to other types of discontinuities in fabrication. discontinuity, primary processing: discontinuity produced from the hot or cold working of an ingot into forgings, rods, bars, and other shapes. glossary d-e 497 discontinuity, secondary processing: discontinuity produced during machining, grinding, heat treating, plating, or other finishing operations. discontinuity, service induced: discontinuity caused by the intended use of the part. see also brittle crack propagation; creep; ductile crack propagation; fatigue crack propagation.

  10. Interruption in the physical structure or configuration of a test object. after nondestructive testing, a discontinuity indication can be interpreted to be a flaw or a defect.10 compare defect; indication.5,6 discontinuity, artificial: reference discontinuity such as hole, indentation, crack, groove, or notch introduced into a reference standard to provide accurately reproducible indications for determining sensitivity levels.4

  11. Interruption in the physical structure or configuration of a test object. after nondestructive testing, a discontinuity indication can be interpreted to be a flaw or a defect.10 compare defect; indication.


Reflection, английский
  1. The abrupt change in direction of a light beam at an interface between two dissimilar media that returns the beam into the medium where it originated, i.e., a mirror

  2. A light ray incident on an air to glass interface will have some of its energy redirected back toward its origin due to reflection at the interface.

  3. The return of radiant energy (incident light) by a surface, with no change in wavelength.

  4. The bouncing off of light which falls upon a surface.

  5. The change of direction which a ray of light, sound, or radiant heat undergoes when it strikes a surface; also

  6. 1. the image of somebody or something which is seen in a mirror or still water 2. the process of reflecting something, especially light, sound or heat 3. careful thought 4. a situation in which an anatomical structure bends back upon itself

  7. The process of obtaining information about assemblies and the types defined within them, and creating, invoking, and accessing type instances at run time.

  8. When light bounces back from a surface

  9. General term for the process by which the incident energy leaves a surface or medium from the incident side, without change in frequency. reflection is usually a combination of specular and diffuse reflection.2,6

  10. General term for the process by which the incident energy leaves a surface or medium from the incident side, without change in frequency. reflection is usually a combination of specular and diffuse reflection (iesna 1984). see also diffuse reflection; specular reflection.

  11. The act of thinking deeply about one`s actions, behaviour`s, and progress, often facilitated by a coach or mentor to promote self-awareness and learning.


Characteristics, английский
  1. The distinguishing qualities of a navigation aid or buoy, including shape and color, whether fixed or flashing, and flashing sequence.

  2. A high-performance fiber with high chemical resistance that does not burn in air. it has no melting point and does not drip when exposed to flame. the fiber and fabrics from pbi retain their flexibility, dimensional stability, and significant strength without embrittlement even when exposed to flame or extreme heat. the fiber emits little smoke in extreme conditions. it processes well on conventional textile equipment, having processing characteristics similar to polyester. it can be used in 100% form or blended with other fibers. it has a high moisture regain and low modulus with comfort properties similar to cotton. the natural color of pbi is a gold-khaki shade, but it can be dyed to almost any medium to dark shade with conventional basic dyes.

  3. Acetate fabrics are in appearance fast-drying, wrinkle and shrinkage resistant, crisp or soft in hand depending upon the end use.

  4. Although modacrylics are similar to acrylics in properties and application, certain important differences exist. modacrylics have superior resistance to chemicals and combustion, but they are more heat sensitive (lower safe ironing temperature) and have a higher specific gravity (less cover).

  5. Although the properties of the nylons described above vary in some respects, they all exhibit excellent strength, flexibility, toughness, elasticity, abrasion resistance, washability, ease of drying, and resistance to attack by insects and microorganisms.

  6. Because acrylic fibers are thermoplastic, fabrics may be heat-set for wrinkle resistance and to provide permanency to pleats. acrylic fabrics have low moisture absorbency and dry relatively quickly. in general, acrylic fibers are resistant to the degrading effects of ultraviolet rays in sunlight and to a wide range of chemicals and fumes. they provide warmth in fabrics that are lightweight, soft, and resilient. acrylic fibers have relatively poor flame resistance compared with other fibers. some acrylic fabrics, particularly knit types, approximate the hand of fine wool. because of the composition and cross section of the fiber, fabrics made therefrom have a high bulk to weight ratio. this is further enhanced with the so-called “high bulk” spun yarns.

  7. Glass fiber is incombustible and will tolerate heat up to 1000°f without material damage. potential strength is not realized in woven fabrics or even in yarns, because the fiber is brittle and fracture points may develop, but nevertheless, very high tensile strength is obtained in woven fabrics, and is retained at elevated temperatures. the fiber originally was difficult to color but methods have been developed to accomplish this. moisture absorption is low. electrical and insulation resistance is high.

  8. Polychlal fibers have a soft, lamb’s wool-like hand and moderate moisture regain. the fibers are also characterized by high flame resistance and high abrasion resistance.

  9. Polyester fibers have high strength and are resistant to shrinking and stretching. fabrics are quick drying and tend to have wrinkle resistance and crease retention, wet and dry. polyester is used alone and in blends. it has been one of the first fibers to be developed in fabrics with durable-press features.

  10. Polyethylene fibers have a low specific gravity, extremely low moisture regain, the same tensile strength wet and dry, and are resistant to attack by mildew and insects. these qualities have made polyethylene fiber suitable for industrial applications, geotextiles, outdoor furniture, and similar applications. polyethylene fiber does not dye, and in most cases, it is colored by the addition of pigments and dyes to the material prior to spinning. it has a low melting point, a property that has restricted its use in apparel.

  11. Polypropylene fibers have a number of advantages over polyethylene fibers in the field of textile applications. the degree of crystallinity, 72 to 75%, results in a fiber that is strong and resilient, and does not fibrillate like high-density polyethylene. polypropylene has a high work of rupture, which indicates a tough fiber, and may be made with tenacities as high as 8.0 to 8.5 grams per denier. the melting point of polypropylene is 165°c, which is low by comparison with nylon or polyester, but is high enough to make it suitable for most textile applications. so light that it actually floats, polypropylene fiber provides greater coverage per pound than any other fiber. it is highly resistant to mechanical abuse and chemical attack.

  12. Rayon yarns are made in a wide range of types in regard to size, physical characteristics, strength, elongation, luster, handle, suppleness, etc. they may be white or solution dyed. strength is regulated by the process itself and the structure of the yarn. (also see polynosic fiber.) luster is reduced by including delustering materials, such as titanium dioxide pigments, in the fiber when it is extruded. the suppleness of the yarn is controlled by the number of filaments in the yarn, the denier or gauge of the individual filaments or fibers, and the fiber cross-section.

  13. Spandex is lighter in weight, more durable, and more supple than conventional elastic threads and has between two and three times their restraining power. spandex is extruded in a multiplicity of fine filaments which immediately form a monofilament. it can be repeatedly stretched over 500% without breaking and still recover instantly to its original length. it does not suffer deterioration from oxidation as is the case with fine sizes of rubber thread, and it is not damaged by body oils, perspiration, lotions, or detergents.


Measurement, английский
  1. Set of operations having the object of determining a value of a quantity (1)

  2. Измерение. система мер.

  3. Измерение; замер

  4. The size, length, etc. of something which has been measured

  5. Измерение

  6. Обмер

  7. Оценка

  8. Измерение dust ~ измерение концентрации пыли

  9. Измерение. комплекс операций, имеющих целью определение значе-ния величины [32].

  10. The process of ascertaining the attributes, dimensions, extent, quantity, degree or capacity of some object of observation and representing these in the qualitative or quantitative terms of a data language. any empirical pursuit that places the observer outside his object of observation must consider measurement the fundamental process through which scientific constructs or models are linked to reality (->index, ->symptom). otherwise measurement is only one section in a circular process of computing a stable form. the traditional levels of measurement are nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio scales.

  11. The magnitude of the property of an object calibrated against one or more units of measure.

  12. Измерение. комплекс операций, имеющих целью определение значения величины [32].


References, английский
  1. Ссылки. список литературы, на которую имеются ссылки в протоколе, отчете о клиническом исследовании или публикации.

  2. An object is a reference when its only function is to point to another object or its contents. this capability allows a program to manipulate and store collections of objects by reference easily, rather than manipulating their contents. it also allows for collections of "anonymous" items, whose number and contents are only known at run-time. references, free & bound a term used in programming. a bound reference to a variable occurs when the variable is mentioned in a context in which it has a value. a free reference occurs when a variable is mentioned in a context where its value is unknown (e.g., an external reference in a function). see also: lisp.


Constructed, английский
    Построенный


Conductivity, английский
  1. Conductivité

  2. The rate at which heat is transmitted through a material.

  3. A term used in describing the capability of a material to carry an electrical charge. usually expressed as a percentage of copper conductivity copper being one hundred (100%) percent. conductivity is expressed for a standard configuration of conductor.

  4. Проводимость

  5. Удельная электропроводность; удельная электрическая проводимость

  6. Parameter used for characterising hydrogeological conditions, more

  7. This is the inverse of resistance, and refers to the ability of a conductor to carry current.


Measurable, английский

Comparison, английский
  1. (логическое) сопоставление a) an ordinary comparison of two objects belonging to the same classes (v.a.k.) she is like her mother. b) weighing two objects belonging to one class of things with the purpose of establishing the degree of the

  2. Сравнение, сличение

  3. Сравнение

  4. N сравнение compensation 30 concept degree of ~ степень сравнения (тж. degree)

  5. Сравнение; сличение; сопоставление; компарирование

  6. This is an operation that compares things like if the values in two variables are equal. in processing the equals comparison is done with the double equals: ==. in netlogo it is done with a single equals: =. other comparisons are things like not equal and greater than.

  7. Short for "comparison ticket," a memorandum between two brokers that confirms the details of a transaction to be carried out.


Standardization, английский
  1. Procedures which maintain methods and equipment as constant as possible. without standardization one cannot determine whether measurements of yearly differences in relative abundance are caused by actual fluctuations in stock abundance or by differences i

  2. Стандартизация stand-by generator, syn. back-up generator

  3. Стандартизация


Instruments, английский
  1. (измерительные) приборы

  2. Financial securities, such as money market instruments or capital market instruments.


Nondestructive, английский
  1. Неразрушающий

  2. Неразрушающий (об испытаниях и т.п.)


Sensitivity, английский
  1. Change in the response of a measuring instrument divided by the corresponding change in the stimulus (1)

  2. The ratio of the output of an instrument to the input (i.e. -gain).

  3. Defines the smallest signal detectable in the presence of systems noise

  4. In television, a factor expressing the incident illumination upon a specified scene required to produce a specified picture signal at the output terminals of a television camera.

  5. For a camera usually specified in lux to provide indication of light level required to gain a full video signal from the camera.

  6. A measure of the amount of light required to provide a standard video signal. sensitivity values are stated in lux (see lux) or foot-candles.

  7. Lens iris aperture required to provide a video output signal of standard level at a specified light input. in general, sensitivity is measured using an 89.9% reflectance grey scale chart illuminated by a 3200? k illuminance at 2000 lux (color camera) or 400 lux (b/w camera), for a video output level of 100%.

  8. 1. the fact of being able to detect and respond to an outside stimulus 2. the rate of positive responses in a test from persons with a specific disease. a high rate of sensitivity means a low rate of people being incorrectly classed as negative. compare specificity

  9. Чувствительность; сенситивность; восприимчивость специфически измененная реактивность. вероятность возникновения реакции на введение антигенов. ср. susceptibility (восприимчивость (к болезни)).

  10. The sensitivity of classification rule is a measure of its ability to correctly classify observations into a particular category. it is defined to be the ratio of the number of true positives to the number of positives in a test set. this value is usually inversely related to the specificity of the test for a given set of data and a particular classification rule. note that this measure is different from the positive predictive value of a rule, which is a measure of the probability that a positive is a true positive. if multiple classification categories exist, each category will have its own sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value. see also: positive predictive value, specificity.

  11. Чувствительность: a) различие в концентрации аналита, соответствующее наименьшему обнару-живаемому различию в реакции метода. представляется наклоном калибровоч-ной кривой. иногда ошибочно используется для обозначения предела обнаружения. b) частота истинно положительных результатов, полученных при испытании проб, в которых, насколько известно, содержится аналит [55]. c) отношение изменения показаний измерительного прибора к соответствую-щему изменению измеряемой величины. измеряемой величиной может быть, например, количество исследуемого вещества, содержащееся в пробе.

  12. Чувствительность. в сенсорном анализе — способность различать, идентифицировать и/или дифференцировать (качественно и/или количественно) один или более раздражителей с помощью органов чувств (предварительный стандарт мос, 12). в аналитической химии — чувствительность метода, которая (для простого-метода)- характеризуется наклоном калибровочной кривой, т. е. является дифференциалом измеряемой величины по отношению к концентрации dx/dc. чувствительность не следует путать с наименьшим количеством или наиболее низкой концентрацией, которые можно обнаружить с помощью данного метода; правильный термин для обозначения этого понятия — предел чувствительности (см. limit of detection).

  13. The output of a microphone in volts for a given input in sound pressure level. sensitivity can also mean the sound pressure level (spl) a loudspeaker produces at one meter when driven with one watt of pink noise.

  14. The degree of confidentiality of an e-mail message or calendar item, ranging from normal to confidential.

  15. The significance level that must be reached before a notification is sent.

  16. Чувствительность:

  17. Measure of a sensor’s ability to detect small signals. see resolution.

  18. Ability of a sensor or system to distinguish a signal or indication from background noise. see also probability of detection.

  19. Ability of a sensor or system to distinguish a signal or indication from background noise. see also probability of detection. si (international system of units): international measurement system in which the following seven

  20. (1) performance characteristic of a penetrant system, of a developer, or of an entire penetrant process that provides a relative measure of the ability to detect discontinuities. (2) enumerated level of performance of a penetrant system determined by applying standardized processing procedures on reference standards with known defects. (3) ability of a sensor or system to distinguish a signal or indication from background noise. compare probability of detection.

  21. Probability of detection.

  22. Ability of signal to change with small changes of measured quantity.


Regression curve, английский
    Кривая регрессии. кривая, наиболее точно соответствующая аппроксимированию распределения точек на диаграмме рассеяния [20].


Reference preparation, английский
    Эталонный препарат. обработанный эталонный материал.