Глоссарий содержит термины по смазочным веществам для уменьшения трения и износа между двумя поверхностями, соединениям, применяемых в качестве рабочих жидкостей в двигателях, машинах, гидравлических системах и приборах.
| accumulator (hydraulics) | A device in which hydraulic fluid is stored under pressure in a system to be used as a source of fluid power. |
| adaptor bolt (lube systems) | A part used to connect an injector to a manifold block. |
| addendum (gears) | Distance between the pitch circle and the tooth crest. |
| adjusting assembly (lube systems) | A device used to control the length of the piston stroke. |
| air line lubricator | An oil reservoir attached to an air line that provides automatic air-borne lubrication to air operated power consuming equipment by means of venturi action. air-oil lubrication: a system of lubric... |
| air oil separator | A mechanical device that defoams oil, using a centrifugal oil trap (a defoamer), or any oil condensing device in an air line. |
| aise | Association of iron and steel engineers |
| angular speed (gears) | Rotational speed at the pitch line, measured in rad/s. |
| api separator (lube systems) | A tank with baffles, used to separate oil from |
| arc of approach (gears) | Short distance of sliding contact between the dedendum of the driving tooth and the addendum of the driven tooth. |
| asphalt/bitumen | A soft black or dark brown tacky residual material containing asphaltenes, compounds of sulfur, nitrogen and tar. asphalt, derived from petroleum, is solid at normal temperatures; as an adjective,... |
| auto ignition temperature | The minimum combustion temperature for a vaporair mixture without an open flame. it permits evaluation of the fire hazards of vapors. |
| axial load bearing | A bearing that supports an axial thrust (a load exerted in line with the length or the axis of a shaft). |
| backlash (gears) | Loose motion or play between the nondriving surfaces of adjacent gear teeth, arising from necessary clearance, wear or incorrect adjustment. |
| backup roll bearings (morgan or mesta design) | Special sleeve bearings of the morgoil design, with very large projected areas to reduce unit pressure. these large-diameter oil-film bearings support backup rolls in rolling mills by means of a... |
| barium/barium complex grease | A grease thickened with either barium soap or complex barium soap. |
| barrel (drum) | A standard container size, depending on context, e.g.: a 400-lb open top container (gear lubes and greases are sold by the pound), a 55-gal liquid container (most liquid lubricants) or a 42-gal ch... |
| base circle (gears) | The circle from which the involute tooth profile is derived. |
| basic bearing number | For purposes of identification, anti-friction bearings are assigned numbers, referred to as basic bearing numbers. in most cases, they |
| basic dynamic capacity | The radial load that 90% of identical bearings will bear for 1,000,000 revolutions before the first evidence of fatigue; also known as basic load rating. |
| basic static capacity | The static load endured by a bearing before the most heavily loaded ball or roller experiences sufficient stress to cause a permanent deformation of the element or race equal to 0.0001 in. of the ... |
| beam strength (gears) | Capability of a gear tooth to withstand repeated bending that occurs whenever it is under load. |
| bearing crush | The height by which half of the bearing exceeds the half diameter of the bore into which it is assembled. |
| bentonite thickener | Clay, composed mainly of silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide, used to thicken greases. such greases have no dropping points because the bentonite does not melt. |
| bevel gears | Gears, conical in form, that operates on intersecting axes, usually at right angles. |
| biotoxic | Toxic to the environment. |
| bleeding (grease) | The tendency of a liquid component to separate from a liquidsolid or liquid-semisolid mixture, as oil may separate from a grease. |
| block/brick grease | A grease of moderate dropping point, nlgl grade 5 or 6, firm to the touch at normal temperatures, that can be handled in block or stick form. the penetrating powers of such greases are measured at... |
| blown oils | Natural fatty oils, of animal or vegetable origin, are artificially oxidized and thickened by blowing air through them. they are used primarily for compounding petroleum oils, to give them a stron... |
| bomb oxidation stability | Resistance of oils and greases to oxidation when subjected to accelerated oxidation in a sealed unit filled with pure oxygen under pressure and at elevated temperatures. as the lubricant absorbs o... |
| bonnet (lube systems) | Upper portion of packing gland assembly that serves as a viewer for movement of indicator. |
| bottoms (residuum) | The liquid that collects at the bottom of the distillation column, consisting of high-boiling residual liquids like heavy fuels and asphaltic materials. |
| brake valve | A device that permits a machine component driven by a hydraulic rotary motor to revolve unimpeded during operation but restrains the motor return line fluid to slow the machine when it is desired ... |
| bromine number | See iodine number. |
| buffer solution | A solution that prevents drastic changes in ph values when moderate amounts of acid or alkali are added. |
| bulk appearance (grease) | Visual appearance when the undisturbed surface is viewed in an opaque container. bulk appearance should be characterized in the |
| by the following criteria | Washout resistance (astm d-1264); water absorption; water corrosion resistance (astm d-1743) and water sprayoff resistance (astm d-4049). |
| calcium complex grease | See complex greases. |
| calcium grease/cup grease | Oils thickened with calcium soap. |
| calcium sulfonate grease | A calcium neutralized grease thickened with sulfonic acid and fatty acids. sulfonate greases have inherent rust inhibition (see complex greases). |
| cavitation (hydraulics) | When the absolute pressure in a pump intake line is reduced below the vapor pressure of the liquid, the fluid may vaporize, or “boil”, or the dissolved air in the fluid may separate. in either cas... |
| centerline (gears) | Line that intersects the geometrical centers of the pinion and gear. centerline average – average height of peaks and valleys (asperities) on a surface. |
| cfr engine | An astm test engine developed by the cooperative fuel research committee to measure the cetane numbers of diesel fuels and octane numbers of gasolines. |
| chain lubrication | A dip or splash system that uses a chain to distribute lubricant to bearings, similar, in a way, to an oil ring; or any system designed to lubricate a conveyor chain. |
| channeling (grease) | A term describing the usually desirable tendency of grease to form a channel by working down in a bearing, leaving shoulders of unworked grease that serve as both reservoirs and seals. |
| channeling (liquids) | The undesired formation of troughs or channels in flowtype lubricants due to thickening during cold weather. since such behavior occurs near the pour point of the lubricant, lubrication may be m... |
| channeling point (gears) | A federal test that measures the tendency of lubricants at low temperatures to form plastic structures of sufficient strength to resist flow under gravitational forces only. this test is specified... |
| check valve (hydraulics) | In hydraulic and lubrication systems, a valve permitting flow in only one direction. |
| chlorinated paraffin | An additive used for severe or difficult metal cutting or metal working operations. |
| circular pitch (gears) | Distance measured on the pitch circle between a point on the face of one tooth and the same point on the adjacent tooth; equal to pi divided by the diametral pitch. |
| circulating oil system | A lubrication system in which the fluid that has passed through a bearing or a group of bearings is recirculated by a pump. system components may include settling tanks, filters, pumps, heat excha... |
| clay thickener | Inorganic, non-melting grease thickener, commonly activated bentonite clay. |
| clay treatment | A process in which used oil, from which all water has been removed is brought into contact with activated clay at elevated temperatures ranging from 180-210°f; acidic by-products in the used oil a... |
| cleanliness rating | - A rating based on the number of particles of specified sizes in a measure of fluid. the iso standard specifies particle counts at five microns and 15 microns.
- Оценка количества неме...
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| closure plug (lube systems) | Removable plug on the end of a bore. cloud point – the temperature at which a cloud or haze of wax crystals appears at the bottom of a sample of lubricating oil in a test jar, when cooled under co... |
| coalescing separator | A device that combines or unites separate particles of a substance through chemical affinity, physical trapping, etc. coalescing filters often trap and remove water from lubricants. coalescence in... |
| coastal pale oil | Naphthenic petroleum oil refined from crude traditionally obtained from the gulf or the pacific coast. |
| collar thrust bearing | The simplest form of thrust bearing; a thrust collar in roll neck bearing service bears against the roll body at the fillet between the journal and roll body. |
| colloidal lubricating solids | Lubricating solids (especially graphite and molybdenum disulfide) that are pulverized to colloidal size and mechanically dispersed in a fluid. |
| color standards | Among the many different color tests, the most popular for steel mill lubricants are astm d-1500 color (for standard fluids) and visual color (for dyed fluids or greases). astm d-1500 utilizes an ... |
| complex soap (grease) | A thickener in which the soap crystals or fibers are formed by the co-crystallization of two or more compounds, a selected soap and a completing agent such as a salt or an additive. the resulting ... |
| components in loaded contact | At the same time, the high load in this small contact area causes a temporary, extreme increase in viscosity that traps the lubricant momentarily in the contact area, greatly increasing its load- ... |
| compression set (elastomer) | The deformation that remains in an elastomer after it has been subjected to and released from a compressive stress for a period of time. compression set measurements are used to evaluate the creep... |
| concentricity (bearings) | The uniformity of journal (or bearing) thickness measured in a plane normal to the axis of the journal; also used to describe the inside diameter axial exactness of a bore or the hole of the hose.... |
| conjugate action (gears) | Transmission of uniform rotary motion from one shaft to another by gear teeth, where the normals (perpendiculars) to the tooth profiles at all possible points of contact pass through a fixed point... |
| consistency (grease) | Describes the hardness of a grease (its resistance to deformation), indicating relative softness or hardness with the application of force. test method astm d-217 measures the extent of penetratio... |
| contact ratio (gears) | Measure of the extent to which more than one tooth carries the load; for spur gears, this should be no less than 1:2-1:4, i.e., 20-40% of the time. |
| controlled volume pump/constant volume pump | See positive displacement pump. copper strip test (astm d-130 and d-4048): for specific periods of time at certain temperatures, exposes copper strips to petroleum products to measure the amount... |
| counterbalance valve | A hydraulic device for restraining a load that might otherwise fall faster than desired because of gravity. |
| cracking (oil) | The application of heat and pressure that breaks down large molecules to form smaller molecules. |
| crambe oil | A vegetable oil pressed from the seed of crambe abyssinica, related to rape and mustard. |
| cross porting (lube systems) | A means of discharging lubricant from several injectors through a common outlet. |
| crown gear (gears) | A bevel gear with a plane pitch surface. among bevel gears, the crown gear corresponds to the rack in spur gears. |
| cup grease | See calcium grease. |
| cutback solvent | See diluent. |
| cutting fluid/oil | Petroleum or chemical based products (or a combination of the two) that cools and lubricates tools when cutting metals; used in such processes as drilling, reaming, broaching, threading, milling, ... |
| cycle indicator pin (lube systems) | A pin attached to the piston of a divider valve section; as the piston cycles, the pin extends from and retracts into the end of the section. used to monitor divider valve action and control lube ... |
