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Line gun
| Ìîðñêîé ñëîâàðü |
A firearm used to shoot a messenger line to another ship or to stranded people. see also coston gun.
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Gun, àíãëèéñêèé
- Boucheuse /lance de gunitage
- The usual service name for a cannon (which see); it was originally called great gun, to distinguish it from the small or hand guns, muskets, blunderbusses, &c. the general construction for guns of cast metal is fairly represented by the old rule that the circumference at the breech ought to measure eleven calibres, at the trunnions nine, and at the muzzle seven, for iron; and in each instance two calibres less for brass guns. but the introduction of wrought-iron guns, built up with outer jackets of metal shrunk on one above another, is developing other names and proportions in the new artillery. (see built-up guns.) the weight of these latter, though differently disposed, and required not so much for strength as for modifying the recoil or shock to the carriage on discharge, is not very much less, proportionally, for heavy guns of full power, than that of the old ones, being about 1-1/4 cwt. of gun for every 1 lb. of shot; for light guns for field purposes it is about 3/4 cwt. for every 1 lb. of shot. guns are generally designated from the weight of the shot they discharge, though some few natures, introduced principally for firing shells, were distinguished by the diameter of their bore in inches; with the larger guns of the new system, in addition to this diameter, the weight in tons is also specified.—gun, in north-country cant, meant a large flagon of ale, and son of a gun was a jovial toper: the term, owed its derivation to lads born under the breast of the lower-deck guns in olden times, when women were allowed to accompany their husbands. even in 1820 the best petty officers were allowed this indulgence, about one to every hundred men. gunners also, who superintended the youngsters, took their wives, and many living admirals can revert to kindness experienced from them. these “sons of a gun” were tars, and no mistake.—morning gun, a signal fired by an admiral or commodore at day-break every morning for the drums or bugles to sound the reveille. a gun of like name and nature is generally in use in fortresses; as is also the evening gun, fired by an admiral or commodore at 9 p.m. in summer, and 8 p.m. in winter, every night, on which the drums or bugles sound the retreat.
- [1] a generic term for the carriage-mounted cannon of sailing warships. [2] any piece of ordnance from which missiles are propelled by explosion through a metallic tube.
Gun, àíãëèéñêèé
Gun, àíãëèéñêèé
Gun, àíãëèéñêèé
Gun, àíãëèéñêèé
Gun aircraft unit, àíãëèéñêèé
Àâèàöèîííàÿ ïóøå÷íàÿ óñòàíîâêà
Gun and ammunition qualification group, àíãëèéñêèé
Ãðóïïà àòòåñòàöèîííûõ èñïûòàíèé ïóøåê è áîåïðèïàñîâ
Gun and head money, àíãëèéñêèé
Given to the captors of an enemy`s ship of war destroyed,
Gun blast, àíãëèéñêèé
Gun captain, àíãëèéñêèé
The petty officer in charge of a gun crew.
Gun carriage, àíãëèéñêèé
[1] generically, any structure on which a gun is mounted and fired, whether wheeled or not. [2] specifically, a 4-wheeled wooden framework on which a sailing warship’s cannon was mounted. the first carriages for ship’s cannon sat upon two large cart-wheels, like the guns used on land. but, by the mid–1500s, the english had developed the “truck carriage” which had four small solid wooden wheels, one on each corner. compared to the earlier two-wheeled design, weight was more evenly distributed, it could be rolled right up to the gunport, and was easier to train left or right using a lever known as a “trailspike.” at first the carriages had solid flat beds, but by about 1700 most were fabricated from two thick side pieces known as “cheeks,” linked by stout baulks of timber known as “transoms” or “axle-trees,” with metal reinforcing bolts to hold the parts together. the cheeks were stepped from front to back, providing points of purchase when the gunners were elevating the barrel of the gun using trailspikes. this design became the standard form of maritime gun carriage throughout the muzzle-loading era, except for the spanish armada which used two-wheeled sea carriages until the early 17th century.
Gun consistency, àíãëèéñêèé
Gun crew, àíãëèéñêèé
From the 16th to 19th centuries, the basic division of labor remained the same, core roles being gun captain, loader, and spunger. the size of the crew ranged from four or five for a small gun such as a six-pounder to up to fifteen to fire and service each heavy cannon in a line of battle ship’s broadside. their roles and responsibilities were: rating duties captain command the crew, aim and fire the gun 2nd captain assist the captain and run out the gun loader/rammer load the powder and ram home the shot. help run out and train the gun assistant loader pass powder and shot to the loader. help run out and train the gun spunger spunge and worm the gun. assist the rammer. help run out and train the gun assistant spunger pass spunge and worm to spunger and rammer to loader. help run out and train auxiliaries use trailspikes to elevate the gun; man- (up to nine) age breeching ropes (which check recoil) and tackles (for running out and training); bring powder and shot from ready-use storage; perform fireman duty
Gun deck, àíãëèéñêèé
1. up through the 19th century, a deck aboard a ship that was primarily used for the mounting of cannon to be fired in broadsides.
Gun direction room, àíãëèéñêèé
Former name for the nerve 141 gun center of an rn warship in combat, now part of the operations room. known as combat information center in the usn.
Gun director, àíãëèéñêèé
A shipboard system which tracks a vessel’s course and speed relative to enemy ships, and adjusts for wind velocity, air and water temperature, and other factors to calculate elevation and bearing for the guns.
Gun drill, àíãëèéñêèé
Gun electrical unit, àíãëèéñêèé
Ïðèáîð ýëåêòðîóïðàâëåíèÿ ïóøêîé
Gun fighter, àíãëèéñêèé
Gun finish, àíãëèéñêèé
A layer of shotcrete as it is applied, without subsequent hand finishing. gun grade, gun consistency a grade of caulking or glazing compound which has the proper softness for application by a caulking gun. gun hole, gun loop, gun port, gun slot a type of embrasure in a structure designed to provide protection in case of enemy attack; the opening enables a defender to fire through a wall, over a wide angle. gunite a proprietary name for shotcrete.
Gun firing, àíãëèéñêèé
Firing a smoothbore muzzle-loading naval cannon required a great amount of hard work and manpower. the weapon was essentially just a pipe (the barrel), sealed at one end to form a chamber. a wet swab was first thrust down the pipe, to extinguish any embers from a previous firing which might prematurely ignite the next charge. coarse gunpowder was then put into the open end (the “mouth”) either loose with a powder spoon, or pre-wrapped in a cloth or paper cartridge, and pushed down to the chamber with a rammer. a quantity of wadding was then rammed on top of the powder, a cannonball or other form of shot was pushed home on top of the wadding, and another wad was rammed on top of the ball. this not only created a better seal, but also stopped the shot from rolling out due to swaying of the ship. the gun was then “run out,” its crew heaving on the gun tackles until the front of the carriage was hard up against the bulwark, and the barrel protruded through the port. this took the majority of the manpower, since a naval cannon and its carriage could weigh more than two tons and be hard to move if the ship was rolling. a small amount of fine-quality “mealed” gunpowder was then put into the vent (touchhole) and the gun was ready to fire. ignition was initially achieved by thrusting a redhot priming iron (spike) down the vent. this worked well but required an open furnace on the gundeck, creating a fire hazard. the next solution was a slow match applied with a linstock. this also worked well, but progressively eroded the vent, leading to a loss of muzzle velocity due to leakage of propellant gas. in 1697, metal firing tubes were introduced. after removing its paper seal, the tube was placed in the vent and ignited by slow-match or portfire. however, hot and possibly ragged metal tubes lying on the deck after firing were a hazard to the bare feet of gun crews, so they were replaced by goose quills in 1778. however, the quills burned completely on firing, bringing back the problem of vent erosion. finally, in 1790, the problem was effectively solved by introduction of the flintlock.
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Line officer, àíãëèéñêèé
This usn term (which carries over from the 18th century tactical formation line of battle) refers to someone qualified in all respects to take command of a warship, aviation unit, marine detachment, or other line unit such as a seal team (the royal navy uses the term “executive officer”). line officers lightweight 180 in the usn wear a star above their stripes of rank on sleeve or shoulder boards to distinguish them from specialist officers. all usmc commissioned officers, other than those on limited duty, are trained to command combat units, so are considered line officers. see career tracking.
Line crossing, àíãëèéñêèé
Ceremonies for passing an important landmark have been performed by seamen since at least the days of classical greece. several still exist today, one of the most significant being the initiation rite to commemorate a first crossing of the equator. the night before the ship is due to cross, she is boarded “via the hawsepipes” by bears claiming to be agents of the watery realm’s secretary of state and demanding to meet to the captain and deliver a proclamation announcing a royal court to be held on the morrow to determine the eligibility of ship and passengers to continue their voyage. the bears then exit by the way they came. next day, the bears re-appear to proclaim the arrival of “his majesty king neptune, by the grace of mythology, lord of the waters and master of the waves, sovereign of the oceans, governor and lord high admiral of the bath” who—assisted by his wife amphritite, his crony davy jones, and sundry pirates, mermaids, and the like—supervises the “trusty shellbacks” (who have crossed before) as they force the “slimy polliwogs” (who have not) to perform increasingly disgusting and degrading tasks as retribution for their lack of respect for him and his realm. in earlier times the ceremony could be vicious and brutal, involving such things as beating the polliwogs with cobbing boards and wet knotted ropes, or dragging them in the disturbed wake behind the stern. deaths were not unknown and hospitalization was common until world war ii, when most of the world’s navies instituted strict regulations limiting abuse and humiliation. even today, without the oversight of military discipline, line-crossing hazing can still get out of hand on merchantmen. after the ceremony the initiates are given elaborate “royal certificates” of their newly-acquired status requiring, among other things, “all sharks, dolphins, whales, mermaids, and other dwellers of the deep” to abstain from maltreating them should they fall overboard. similar maritime fraternities include the “order of the blue nose” for crossing the arctic circle, the “order of the red nose” for crossing the antarctic circle, and the “order of the golden dragon” for crossing the international date line. a seaman who crosses the equator at the date line becomes a “golden shellback.”
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