Терминология, принятая в аэрокосмической области по неразрушающему контролю. Глоссарий будет полезен переводчикам, работающим со стандартами, сертификацией, проведением испытаний, спецификациями в авиации.
| line pair | - Pair of adjacent, parallel lines used to evaluate the resolution of an imaging system.
- Pair of adjacent, parallel lines used to evaluate the resolution of a specific imaging system....
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| location plot | Spatial representation of acoustic emission sources computed using an array of transducers. |
| loss of back reflection | - Absence or significant reduction of an indication from the back surface of the test object.
- Absence or significant reduction of an indication from the back surface of the test objec...
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| low pass filtering | - Linear combination of pixel values to smoothen abrupt transitions in a digital image. also called smoothing. lumen (lm): luminous flux per steradian from a source whose luminous intensity is 1...
filtering; |
| magnetic flux leakage field | Magnetic field that leaves or enters the surface of an object. excursion of magnetic lines of force from the surface of a test specimen. it is the basis for the electromagnetic test technique for ... |
| magnetic flux meter | Electronic device for measuring magnetic flux leakage. included are items such as gauss meters and hall effect field meters. |
| magnetic particle testing | Nondestructive test method using magnetic leakage fields and indication materials to disclose surface and near-surface discontinuities. |
| magnetic saturation | - That degree of magnetization where a further increase in magnetizing force produces no significant increase in magnetic flux density in an object. in this region, the permeability of the mater...
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| main bang | See initial pulse. |
| microwave testing | Nondestructive testing method that uses, for its probing energy, electromagnetic radiation at radio frequencies — from 0.3 to 300 ghz, with wavelengths from 1mm to 1m. mks system: obsolete system ... |
| mode converted signal | - Unintended signal from mode conversion of primary test angle, due to interaction with component geometry such as the signals after a back wall signal in a long narrow bar.
- Unintende...
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| multifrequency technique | Use of the response of a test specimen to more than one frequency, usually to separate effects that would be indistinguishable at a single frequency. |
| multiple back reflections | - Repetitive echoes from the far boundary of the test object. 19.14 aerospace nondestructive testing multipleecho
- Repetitive echoes from the far boundary of the test object.7,21 multi...
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| mutual inductance | Property of two electrical circuits whereby a voltage is induced in one circuit by a change of current in the other circuit. n |
| near ultraviolet radiation | - Ultraviolet radiation with wavelengths ranging from about 320 to about 400 nm. formerly called black light.
- Electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 320 and 400 nm. fluore...
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| neural acuity | - Ability of the eye and brain together to discriminate patterns from background. discrimination is influenced by knowledge of the target pattern, by the scanning technique, and by an indication...
acuity; |
| neutron fluence | Integrated exposure (product of current and time) of neutrons per unit area. |
| neutron flux | Neutron current; quantity of neutrons passing through a unit area per unit time. |
| neutron radiologic testing | Radiologic testing using a neutron beam. |
| neutron radioscopy | Radioscopy using a neutron beam. |
| nodal points | - In angle beam testing, the locations of reflections at opposite surfaces as a wave progresses along a test object.
- In angle beam testing, the location of reflections at opposite sur...
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| noncontact transducer | - In ultrasonic testing, a sensor designed for wave propagation through gas. nondestructive characterization (ndc): subelement of nondestructive testing concerned with the description of materia...
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| nonferromagnetic material | - Material not magnetizable and essentially not affected by magnetic fields. examples include aluminum, brass, austenitic stainless steel, and all nonmetallics with a relative permeability of un...
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| nonrelevant indication | - See indication, nonrelevant.
- See indication, nonrelevant. o
- Test response caused by sample geometry or by a physical condition that is not a discontinuity.
indication; |
| normal incidence | - Condition in which the axis of the ultrasonic beam is perpendicular to the entry surface of the test object; that is, where the angle of incidence is zero.
- (1) condition in which th...
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| optimum frequency | - In electromagnetic testing, that frequency that provides the largest signal-to- noise ratio obtainable for the detection of an individual material property.
- Probe frequency that pro...
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| pancake coil | Probe coil whose axis is normal to the surface of the test material and whose length is not larger than its radius. |
| parameter distribution | Display of the number of times an acoustic emission parameter falls between the values x and x + dx as a function of x. typical parameters are amplitude, rise time, and duration. |
| particle motion | - Movement of particles of material during wave propagation.
- Movement of particles of material during wave propagation.7 penetration, ultrasonic: propagation of ultrasonic energy into...
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| pencil break source | Artificial source using the fracture of a brittle graphite or equivalent cylinder in a suitable fitting to simulate an acoustic emission signal. also called hsunielson source. |
| phase detection | Derivation of a signal whose amplitude is a function of the phase angle between two alternating currents, one of which is used as a reference. a phase sensitive system is one whose output signal d... |
| phased array | - In ultrasonic testing, a phased array is a mosaic of transducer elements in which the timing of the elements’ excitation can be individually controlled to produce certain desired effects, such...
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| photoelectric effect | - Emission of free electrons from a surface bombarded by sufficiently energetic photons. such emissions may be used in an illuminance meter, calibrated in lux. interaction of photons with atoms ...
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| pitch catch technique | - Ultrasonic test technique that uses two transducers, one transmitting and the other receiving on the same or opposite surface. also called doublecrystal technique or twotransducer technique.
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| plane wave | See longitudinal wave. |
| point of incidence | - Point at which the axis of the sound beam leaves the wedge of an angle beam transducer and enters the test object. see also probe index.
- Point at which the axis of the sound beam le...
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| primary reference response level | Ultrasonic response from the basic reference reflector at the specified sound path distance, electronically adjusted to a specified percentage of full screen height. probability of detection (pod)... |
| probe index | - Point on a transverse wave or surface wave transducer through which the emergent beam axis passes. see also point of incidence.
- Point on a transverse wave or surface wave transducer...
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| pulse echo technique | - Ultrasonic test technique in which discontinuities are revealed by echoes from the transmitted pulses.
- Ultrasonic test technique in which discontinuities are detected by return echo...
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| pulse technique | Multifrequency technique in which a broadband excitation such as an impulse is used. either the frequency components are extracted and analyzed or the interpretation is based directly on character... |
| pulse tuning | - Control of pulse frequency to optimize system response. q q, or quality factor, of a coil: quality factor of a coil, as the ratio of inductive reactance to resistance.
- Control of pu...
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| radio frequency display | - Presentation of unrectified signals. see also video presentation. radio operating characteristic (roc): a measure of inspection performance that uses both probability of detection and probabil...
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| radiologic test interpretation | Determination of the cause and significance of discontinuities indicated on a radiologic image. |
| radiologic test screens | Thin sheets used to intensify the effect of radiation on films. the screens can be made of a fluorescent material or a metal such as lead. metallic screens absorb secondary and scattered radiation... |
| radiologic testing | - Technique in which either the object being radiographed or the source of radiation is in motion during the exposure.
- Use of penetrating radiant energy in the form of x-rays, gamma r...
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| radiometric photometer | Radiometer for measuring radiant power over a variety of wavelengths. |
| rectified direct current | Single-phase or three-phase alternating current rectified to produce a unidirectional current. the rectified current contains ripple. g |
| reference coil | In electromagnetic testing, the section of the coil assembly that excites or detects the electromagnetic field in the reference standard of a comparative system. |
| reference threshold | Preset voltage level that has to be exceeded before an acoustic emission signal is detected and processed. this threshold may be adjustable, fixed, or floating. see also threshold level. |
| reflection probe | Coil system that uses both an excitation and a detection or sensing coil on the same side of the sample. |
| refracted beam | - Beam transmitted in the second medium when an ultrasonic beam is incident at an acute angle on the interface between two media having different sound speeds.
- Beam transmitted in the...
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| rejection level | - Level above or below which a signal is an indication of a rejectable discontinuity.
- Value established for a test signal above or below which test objects are rejectable or otherwise...
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| reserve vision acuity | - Ability of an individual to maintain vision acuity under poor viewing conditions. a visual system with 20/20 near vision acuity under degraded viewing conditions has considerable reserve visio...
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| ringing signals | - (1) closely spaced multiple signals caused by multiple reflections in a thin material. (2) signals caused by continued vibration of a transducer.
- (1) closely spaced multiple signals...
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| ringing technique | - Test technique for bonded structures in which unbonds are indicated by increased amplitude of ringing signals.
- Test technique for bonded structures in which unbonds are indicated by...
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| ringing time | - Time that the mechanical vibrations of a transducer continue after the electrical pulse has stopped. roentgen (r): unit for measurement of radiation intensity; amount of radiation that will ge...
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| roof angle | - In a dual-element delay line transducer, the tilt angle by which the transducer elements of the delay line are oriented to direct the beams of the two elements to intersect at a specified zone...
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| scintillation detector | Radiation measuring device based on a scintillating material. |
| search unit | - See transducer.
- See transducer. self-coupling transducer: contact transducer that allows testing with a liquid couplant. send/receive transducer: transducer consisting of two piezoe...
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| sensing coil | Coil that detects changes in the flow of eddy currents induced by an excitation coil. in simple probes, the sensing and excitation coils are usually one and the same. |
| signal processing | - (1) acquisition, storage, analysis, alteration, and output of digital data through a computer. (2) in infrared and thermal testing, manipulation of temperature signal or image data to enhance ...
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| source location | Determination of the location of an acoustic emission source from arrival times by using multiple transducers and triangulation schemes. |
| spurious echo | - General term denoting any ill defined indication that cannot be associated with a discontinuity or boundary at the location displayed. also called parasitic echo.
- General term denot...
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| squirter system | An inspection apparatus composed of two or more immersion transducers acoustically connected through a stream of flowing water. test parts are positioned between the two transducers and are thus m... |
| standard atmospheric conditions | - Atmospheric pressure of 101.325 kpa (14.6959 lbf/in.2). temperature of 293.15 k (20 °c or 68 °f). the density of dry air at these conditions is 1.2041kg/m3 (0.07517 lbf/ft3).
- Standa...
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| stepped wedge | Reference object, with steps of various thicknesses in the range of tested parts’ thicknesses, for the radiologic testing of parts having thickness variations or complex geometries. the stepped we... |
| straight beam | - Ultrasonic longitudinal wave traveling normal to the test surface. stress corrosion cracking (scc): a form of corrosion caused within ductile metals by the presence of tensile stresses and a c...
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| sweep length | - Length of time or distance represented by the horizontal baseline on an a-scan. t tesla (t): si unit of measurement for magnetic flux density. 1 t = 1 wb/m2 = 10 000 g.
- Length of ti...
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| thermal diffusion | Process by which thermal energy is transferred from hot or cold regions and finally is spread out. see also conduction, thermal. |
| tone burst | - Wave train consisting of several cycles of the same frequency.
- Wave train consisting of several cycles of the same frequency.7
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| transmission angle | - Incident angle of a transmitted ultrasonic beam. it is zero degrees when the beam is perpendicular (normal) to the test surface.
- Incident angle of a transmitted ultrasonic beam. it ...
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| transmission technique | - See throughtransmission technique.
- See through-transmission technique.
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| transverse wave transducer | - Transducer that generates transverse waves in a test object. also called a shear wave transducer. twotransducer
- Transducer that generates transverse waves in a test object. two-tran...
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| ultrasonic spectroscopy | - Analysis of the frequency content of an acoustic wave. generally performed mathematically using a fast fourier transform.
- Analysis of the frequency content of an acoustic wave. gene...
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| vector quantity | - Any physical quantity whose specification involves both magnitude and direction. examples include magnetic and electric fields, electrical impedance, and velocity.
- Any physical quan...
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| vertical limit | - Maximum useful readable level of vertical indication on an a-scan.
- Maximum useful readable level of vertical indication on an a-scan.7
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| vertical linearity | See linearity, amplitude. |
