Глоссарий основан на терминах, часто используемых в рыболовстве, рыбной промышленности, рыбацком жаргоне, рыбалке, а также терминах, которые появляются в учебных программах по рыбному хозяйству.
| directed fishery | Fishing that is directed at a certain species or group of species. this applies to both recreational and commercial fishing. направленное рыболовство; |
| flash freezing | Flash freezing (or blast freezing) refers to the process in various industries whereby objects are quickly frozen by subjecting them to cryogenic temperatures. мгновенная заморозка; |
| rockhopper | Gear that is attached to the "foot rope" of a trawl net. they vary in their design depending on the roughness of the seabed that is being fished: from small rubber discs for very smooth, sandy gro... рокхоппер; |
| national standard guidelines | Guidelines issued by the national marine fisheries service to provide comprehensive guidance for the development of fishery management plans and amendments that comply with the national standards ... руководство по национальным стандартам; |
| habitat alteration | Habitat alteration is a change, or alteration, to a particular environment. изменение среды обитания; |
| reduction fishery | Harvested fish are processed into fishmeal, oils, or fertilizer. сокращение рыболовства; |
| mixed stock exception | In "mixed-stock complexes," many species of fish swim together and are caught together. this becomes a problem when some of these stocks are healthy and some are overfished because even a sustaina... исключение для смешанных акций; |
| rockfish conservation area (rca) | Ocean waters 20-250 fathoms between cape mendocino, ca to point reyes, ca and 20-150 fathoms between point reyes, ca to the u.s./mexico border. the purpose is to regulate all gear types that have ... заповедник морского окуня (rca); |
| primary producer | Organisms in an ecosystem that produce biomass from inorganic compounds (autotrophs). основной продюсер; |
| herbivores | Organisms that are anatomically and physiologically adapted to eat plant-based foods. травоядные; |
| socio-economic | Pertaining to the combination or interaction of social and economic factors and involved topics such as distribution issues, labor market structure, social and opportunity costs, community dynamic... социально-экономический; |
| marine mammal protection act (mmpa) | Prohibits the harvest or harassment of marine mammals, although permits for incidental take of marine mammals while commercial fishing may be issued subject to regulation. закон о защите морских млекопитающих (mmpa); |
| filter feede | R an organism that feeds by capturing particles suspended in the water column. also called suspension feeders. фильтр подачи; |
| ex-vessel | Refers to activities that occur when a commercial fishing boat lands or unloads a catch. for example, the price received by a captain for the catch is an ex-vessel price. бывшее судно; |
| inseason adjustments | Regulatory changes that affect an ongoing fishery. межсезонные корректировки; |
| national environmental policy act (nepa) | Requires federal agencies to consider the environment when making decisions regarding their programs. section 102(2)(c) requires federal agencies to prepare an environmental impact statement befor... закон о национальной экологической политике (nepa); |
| retail market | Retail consists of the sale of physical goods or merchandise from a fixed location or by mail, in small or individual lots for direct consumption by the purchaser. розничный рынок; |
| mud gear | Rubber disks strung on wire rope that is attached to the footrope of a trawl net. the purpose of the mud gear is to stir up the bottom and herd the fish into the net. also called a tickle chain. грязевое снаряжение; |
| drum seine | Similar to a purse seine but the seine is stored on a large drum mounted at the stern. the drum is particularly successful in handling shallow nets. барабан сены; |
| ghost-fishing | Situation when abandoned fishing gear continues to catch organisms. призрачная рыбалка; |
| forage fish | Small fish that are preyed on by larger predators for food. кормовая рыба; |
| fishmonger | Someone who sells fish and seafood. in some countries modern supermarkets are replacing fishmongers who operate in shops or fish markets. торговец рыбой; |
| highly migratory species (hms) | Species that have a wide geographic distribution, both inside and outside of nations` eez, that undertake migrations of significant but variable distances across oceans for feeding and reproductio... далеко мигрирующие виды (hms); |
| gurdies | Spool used in trolling upon which the fishing line is wound. the gurdies are usually powered, but on some of the smaller boats, like salmon dories, they are often hand-operated. герди; |
| incidental take | The "take" of protected species (such as listed salmon, marine mammals, sea turtles, or sea birds) during fishing. "take" is defined as to harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, cap... случайный дубль; |
| ecosystem services | The benefits people obtain from ecosystems. the include provisioning services, such as food and water; regulating services, such as flood and disease control; cultural services, such as spiritual ... экосистемные услуги; |
| spawning biomass | The biomass of mature female fish at the beginning of the year. нерестовая биомасса; |
| bmsy | The biomass that allows maximum sustainable yield (msy) to be taken. бмси; |
| exploitable biomass | The biomass that is available to a unit of fishing effort. defined as the sum of the population biomass at age (calculated as the mean within the fishing year) multiplied by the age-specific avail... эксплуатируемая биомасса; |
| foot rope | The bottom rope extending around the mouth of a trawl net, usually weighted to hold the net on the ocean bottom. веревка для ног; |
| total allowable catch (tac) | The catch limit for a particular fishery, generally for a year or fishing season. tacs are usually expressed in weight or for larger species, in numbers of fish. общий допустимый улов (оду); |
| seasonal closures | The closure of a fishing ground for a defined period of time, used as a tool by fishery managers, frequently to protect a stock during a spawning season. сезонные закрытия; |
| photic | The depth of the water in a lake or ocean that is exposed to sufficient sunlight for photosynthesis to occur. the depth of the photic zone can be affected greatly by seasonal turbidity. фотик; |
| year-class | The fish spawned and hatched in a given year, a "generation" of fish. год-класс; |
| fmsy | The fishing mortality rate that maximizes catch biomass in the long term. фмси; |
| flatfish | The flatfish are an order (pleuronectiformes) of ray-finned fish. in many species, both eyes lie on one side of the head, one or the other migrating through and around the head during development.... камбала; |
| optimum yield (oy) | The harvest level for a species that achieves the greatest overall benefits, including economic, social, and biological considerations. optimum yield is different than maximum sustainable yield (m... оптимальная доходность (oy); |
| barbed hooks | The hooks used in hook & line fishing that has a barb at the end to help retain the fish on the hook. колючие крючки; |
| barbless hooks | The hooks used in hook & line fishing that no longer have a barb at the end to allow the fish to easily be removed from the hook. крючки без бородок; |
| management authority | The legal entity that has been assigned by a state or states with a mandate to perform certain specified management functions in relation to a fishery, or an area (e.g., coastal zone). орган управления; |
| long-term potential yield (ltpy) | The maximum long-term average yield that can be achieved through conscientious stewardship, by controlling the proportion of the population removed by harvesting and regulating fishing effort of t... долгосрочная потенциальная доходность (ltpy); |
| bag limit | - The number and/or size of a species that a person can legally take in a day or trip. this may or may not be the same as a possession limit.
- Daily restriction on the number of fish a...
лимит багажа; |
| escapement | The percentage of fish in a particular fishery that escapes from an inshore habitat and move offshore, where they eventually spawn. побег; |
| haulback | The period in fishing operations during which the gear is hauled from the water back onto the fishing vessel. хаулбэк; |
| supply & demand | The phenomena in which as demand for an item increases, supplies of the item diminish and the price for the item increases. conversely, if the supplies of the item increases or the demand decrease... требование поставки; |
| rebuilding plan | The policy measures that will be used to rebuild the fish stock. план восстановления; |
| permit stacking | The registration of more than one limited entry permit for a single vessel, where a vessel is allowed additional catch for each additional permit registered for use with the vessel. разрешить укладку; |
| rebuilding analysis | The science that uses biological information to describe the probability that a stock will rebuild within a given timeframe under a particular management regime. анализ восстановления; |
| stock assessment (sa) | The scientific assessment of the status and well being of a fish population (stock) using the best-available science. оценка запасов (sa); |
| best available science (bas) | The term "best-available science" comes from the second national standard listed in the magnuson-stevens act and is the informational standard mandated for decision making. лучшая доступная наука (bas); |
| fishing season | The timeframe in which it is legally allowed to catch fish. рыболовный сезон; |
| head rope | The top rope extending around the mouth of a trawl net, to which floats are attached to keep the net mouth open vertically. головная веревка; |
| sustainable use | The use of a resource at a rate that will meet the needs of the present without impairing the ability of future generations to meet their needs. устойчивое использование; |
| essential fish habitat (efh) | The water and substrate within an area that is necessary for the spawning, breeding, feeding, or growth to maturity for a species. основная среда обитания рыб (efh); |
| water column | - The water from the surface to the bottom at a given point.
- Tube filled with water and attached to the front of a transducer to couple an ultrasonic beam to a test object. a delay li...
водяной столб; |
| sea surface temperature (sst) | The water temperature close to the oceans surface. температура поверхности моря (sst); |
| trophic structure | The way in which organisms utilize food resources and hence where energy transfers occurs within an ecosystem. трофическая структура; |
| fishing method | The wide range of gear to land the catch. метод рыбалки; |
| eviscerate | To take out the entrails of a fish. выпотрошить; |
| gut-hooked | When a fish is caught with a hook and is brought aboard with the hook buried in their stomach or gills. кишечник; |
| overutilized | When more fishing effort is employed than is necessary to achieve long-term potential yield. чрезмерное использование; |
| underutilized | When more fishing effort is required to achieve the long-term potential yield. недоиспользуемый; |
| marine spatial planning (msp) | Zoning areas of the ocean for specified activities to prevent user conflict and reduce impacts of the activities. морское пространственное планирование (msp); |
| multiplier reel | A reel type with a transverse-axis spool which relies on internal gearing to increase the spool/handle rotation above 1:1. baitcasting reel; |
| baitcasting reel | - A small multiplier reel designed specifically for casting lures.
- Небольшая мультипликаторная катушка, разработанная специально для заброса приманки.
multiplier reel; ; |
| birds nest | - A monumental tangle of line on your reel resulting from a spectacular overrun. a fishing term that`s often preceded by an expletive.
- Монументальный клубок линии на вашем барабане в ...
backlash; ; |
| fighting belt | A belt worn around the waist that incorporates a plastic cup to hold the butt of a fishing rod, to make the job of fighting an landing a big fish a little less painful on the angler. butt pad; |
| butt pad | - A plastic cup on a waist belt to take the load of the rod butt when playing a large fish. worn around the front, not as its name might suggest to our american friends, around the back.
...
fighting belt; ; |
| snood | A short hook link. dropper; |
| gunwhale | Pronounced `gunnel`. the upper outside edge of a boat`s hull along each side. transom; |
| beachcasting | Unsurprisingly, a fishing term meaning casting a lure, or more often a baited hook, from the beach. surfcasting; |
| surfcasting | - An alternative fishing term to beach casting.
- Альтернативный рыболовный термин пляжному забросу.
beachcasting; ; |
| swages |
crimps; |
| sleeves |
crimps; |
| spinning reel |
fixed-spool reel; |
| fixed-spool reel | - A reel type primarily intended for casting where the in-line axis spool doesn`t rotate and a bale arm winds the line around the spool. one of those fishing terms your more likely to hear in th...
spinning reel; ; |
| head spike |
head pin; |
