Туннели представляют собой достаточно сложные конструкции, вмещающие два и более параллельных проезда для встречного движения, служебную технику и запасные выходы. Туннель — это длинный, полностью закрытый со всех сторон искусственный горизонтальный проход, построенный под землей с отверстиями на каждом конце.
| contact grout | A cement or bentonite-cement based mixture injected to fill annular space between pipe and the surrounding formation or other voids. |
| intermediate jacking station | A fabricated steel cylinder fitted with hydraulic jacks that is incorporated into a pipeline between two pipes segments. its function is to distribute the jacking load over the pipe string on long... |
| working shaft | A general term applied to the more specific description of thrust or reception pits. |
| steel banded joint | A joint formed with a steel band to locate and join each pipe. usually used with butt-ended pipes. |
| rebated joint | A joint which is formed within the thickness of a pipe wall. |
| tunnel boring machine (tbm) | - A machine that excavates a tunnel by drilling out the face to full size in one operation. it may be controlled from within the shield or remotely.
- A tunneling machine which has cutt...
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| backacter | A mechanical device for excavation within an open shield |
| cutter boom | A mechanical device for excavation within an open shield |
| slurry tbm | A microtunnel method that uses tunnel boring machine (tbm) or shield with closed face which employs hydraulic means for removing the excavated material and balances the ground water pressure. |
| hydrolock | A phenomenon that occurs when circulation is lost creating a hydraulic cylinder in front of a reamer with holding pressure greater than the pullback capacity of the drill rig. |
| low load method | A pipe jacking method in which separate provision is made to carry the jacking load, the pipe being installed carrying little or none of the jacking force. |
| jacking pipe | A pipe with a flexible joint designed specifically for jacking. |
| microtunnel | A remote control method of installing pipes using a fully guided microtunneling machine. |
| eye (pipe jack eye) | A sealing device placed in the shaft walls of the thrust and reception pits to allow the shield and pipes to enter and exit without soil, water and slurry flowing into the shaft. |
| slurry line | A series of hoses and pipes that transport tunnel muck and slurry from the face of a slurry microtunneling machine to the ground surface for separation. |
| articulated head | A shield of two sections where the front section can be deflected to steer the shield or cutting head. |
| open shield | A shield that allows direct access to the soil face. |
| closed shield | A shield with a closed pressure chamber or cutting head which does not allow direct access to the face. |
| cleaning systems | A system of centrifugal pumps, tanks with baffles, shakers screens, de-sanding and de-silting hydro cyclones for the removal of cuttings from the slurry for recycling and reuse. |
| mixing sytem | A system of pumps, hoppers, venturi mixers, hoses and tanks used to create the proper drilling fluid mixture suitable for the local geological conditions. |
| thrust wall | A wall at the rear of the thrust pit designed to spread the reaction loads to the ground behind the thrust pit. |
| hand shield | An open face shield for manual excavation. |
| uncased bore | Any bore without a lining or pipe inserted, i.e., self-supporting, whether temporary or permanent. |
| new installation | Construction of a new pipe or underground utility to replace or upgrade an existing system or to provide new service. |
| back reamer | Cutting head attached to the leading end of a drill string to enlarge the pilot bore during a pull-back operation to enable the product pipe to be installed. |
| swivels | Devices placed between the reamer and the duct puller or pulling head to eliminate rotation of the product during pullback. |
| survey tools | Downhole equipment and instruments used to determine the position of a bore in directional drilling or in site investigation. |
| mud motor | Downhole tool for drilling in rock using pressurized fluid to power rotating cutterheads. |
| hole openers | Downhole tool that uses rolling cutters to enlarge a hole in hard soil and rock formations. |
| reamers | Downhole tools used to enlarge the bore sufficiently to facilitate installation of the product. |
| utility corridor | Duct in which two or more different utility services are installed with access for maintenance. also referred to as a common utility tunnel, common duct or utilidor. |
| slime shield | Earth pressure balance shield with soil conditioning additives to facilitate the excavation of the ground. |
| reception/exit shaft/pit | Excavated shaft at the end of a jacked section from which the jacking shield is recovered. |
| burp hole | Excavation along the drill path to relieve excess pressure that has created hydrolock. |
| pilot bore | First, usually steerable, pass of any boring operation which later requires back-reaming or other enlargement. most commonly applied to guided drilling, directional drilling and 2-pass microtunnel... |
| jet cutting | Guided boring method using pressurised fluid jets for soil cutting. |
| hydraulic jacks | High pressure hydraulically operated jacks providing the power to move the pipeline. |
| drill rods | High strength hollow steel pipes joined to form a string used to transmit rotational torque and thrust, and to transport drilling fluid from the drill rig to the downhole tools. |
| intersect method | Horizontial directional drilling method that allows accurate installation over longer distances than can be achieved by conventional means. the intersect method employs two rigs starting from oppo... |
| measurement while drilling (mwd) | Instrumentation in a bore that provides continuous data simultaneously with drilling operations, usually transmitting to a display at or near the drilling rig. |
| preparatory cleaning | Internal cleaning of pipelines, particularly sewers, prior to inspection, usually with water jetting and removal of material where appropriate. |
| hose lining | Lining system for pressure applications where a woven flat fiber reinforced polyethylene hose is pulled into the host pipe and secured by special end fittings. once inserted, the woven hose liner ... |
| resin injection | Localised repair of pipes, usually sewers, by injection into cracks, defects or cavities a resin formulation which subsequently cures to prevent leakage and further deterioration. |
| breakout wrench | Manual or hydraulic tool used to connect or break tool joints at access points forward of the drill rig. |
| ferro-cement | Material comprising cementitious and steel elements to form a structural lining, which is either placed in situ in a man-entry size pipeline or tunnel, or is preformed into segments for later inst... |
| annular filler | Material for grouting the annular space between the host pipeline and the lining system. |
| thrust/pullback | Measured in pounds or similar measurements of force; along with torque and pump capacity, one of three measurements typically used to describe and classify drill rigs and their suitability to succ... |
| spray lining | Method for applying a lining, usually of cement mortar or resin, by a rotating spray head which is winched through an existing pipeline. |
| chemical grouting | Method for the treatment of the ground around a shaft or pipeline, using non-cementitious compounds, to facilitate or make possible the installation of an underground structure. |
| thrust jacking method | Method in which a pipe is jacked through the ground without mechanical excavation of material from the front of the pipeline. |
| guided auger boring | Method of auger boring in which the guidance mechanism actuator is sited in the drive shaft. the term may also be applied to those auger boring systems with rudimentary articulation of the casing ... |
| free boring | Method of auger boring without a casing. |
| impact moling | Method of creating a bore using a pneumatic or hydraulic hammer within a casing, generally of torpedo shape. the term is usually associated with non-steered or limited steering devices that rely u... |
| dry bore | Method of creating a bore without the use of a drilling fluid. usually associated with guided impact moling, but may also apply to some rotary methods. |
| narrow trenching | Method of excavation of a trench up to 100 mm wider than the outside diameter of the service to be installed, usually employing either a rockwheel or chain type trencher. |
| fluid assisted | Method of guided drilling using a combination of mechanical drilling and boring/drilling pressurised fluid jets to provide the soil cutting action. |
| mole ploughing | Method of installing a pipeline by pulling a plough through the ground while a continuous length of pipe is fed into the top of the plough and buried from the tail. |
| close-fit sliplining | Method of lining with a continuous pipe for which the cross section is reduced to facilitate installation, and reverted after installation to provide a close fit to the existing pipe. |
| cured-in-place pipe (cipp) | Method of lining with a flexible tube impregnated with a thermosetting resin which produces a pipe after resin cure. |
| continuous sliplining | Method of lining with a pipe made continuous for the length of the section to be renovated prior to insertion, and which has not been shaped to give a cross sectional diameter smaller than its fin... |
| spiral lining | Method of lining with a profiled strip, spirally wound to form a continuous pipe after installation. |
| discrete sliplining | Method of lining with pipes shorter than the section to be renovated which are not jointed prior to insertion to form a continuous pipe, and which have not been shaped to give them a cross section... |
| fold & form lining | Method of pipeline rehabilitation in which a liner is folded to reduce its size before insertion and reversion to its original shape by the application of pressure and/or heat. |
| pipe pulling | Method of replacing small diameter pipes where a new product pipe is attached to the existing pipe which is then pulled out of the ground. |
| steerable moling | Method similar to impact moling but with limited steering capability. |
| condition assessment | Methods for identifying and locating features that may affect the integrity and performance of a utility including defects, obstructions, leaks, infiltration, inflow, etc. |
| microtunnel boring machine (mtbm) | Mtbm has a closed faced shield from which excavated soil is removed using a slurry, which also counterbalances groundwater and earth pressures. the machine is guided by a laser or other survey dev... |
| downhole drilling assemblies | Mud motors and mechanical downhole motors used primarily to excavate hard soils and rock. |
| ground penetrating radar | Nondestructive method for detecting subsurface structures, voids, discontinuities, and changes in material. gpr uses radar pulses transmitted into the ground to image the subsurface by recording e... |
| standard dimensional ratio (sdr) | Numerical designation of a pipe series which is a convenient round number approximately equal to the ratio of the nominal outside diameter and the minimum wall thickness. |
| bent sub | Offset section of drill stem close behind the drill head that allows steering corrections to be made by rotation of the drill string to orientate the cutting head. |
| manual mechanical shield | Open shield in which manpower is used to excavate the material but which has some steering capability. |
| sleeve pipe | Pipe installed as external protection to a product pipe. |
| non-structural renovation | Pipe renovation method that relies on the host pipe to meet the structural integrity requirements of the utility. |
| structural renovation | Pipe renovation methods that do not require the structured-wall (sw) of the host pipe to contribute to the ring stiffness needed to satisfy the integrity of the utility |
| product pipe | Pipe used for the conveyance of water, gas, sewage, and other products and services. |
| chemical stabilisation | Renovation method which seals a length of pipeline between two access points by employing a chemical solution pumped into the pipe and surrounding ground. such systems perform a variety of functio... |
